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Experimental and theoretical study of thermoelectric generator waste heat recovery model for an ultra-low temperature PEM fuel cell powered vehicle

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  • Saufi Sulaiman, M.
  • Singh, B.
  • Mohamed, W.A.N.W.

Abstract

An energy recovery method for ultra-low waste heat temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is presented utilizing a combined thermoelectric generator (TEG), heat pipe and heat sink system. The aim is to analyze the fundamental characteristics through experimental works and obtain a steady-state model of the system under the scenario of a mini hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. A test bench was developed consisting of a 2 kW open-cathode PEM fuel cell and a single TEG. A thermal resistance network model was also developed and validated. The main variables were the TEG cooling modes and orientation of the TEG towards the heat flow. At 37 °C waste heat temperature, the highest voltage and power output of 25.7 mV and 218 mW respectively were obtained via forced convection cooling and normal flow orientation. The results obtained are unique as it positively showed that the combined use of TEG, heat pipe and heat sink on a vehicle would offset the ultra-low waste heat temperature from a PEM fuel cell. Successful characterization of this system and validation of the model would also allow the system to be further developed for higher performance and contribute to sustainability of PEM fuel cell systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Saufi Sulaiman, M. & Singh, B. & Mohamed, W.A.N.W., 2019. "Experimental and theoretical study of thermoelectric generator waste heat recovery model for an ultra-low temperature PEM fuel cell powered vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 628-646.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:179:y:2019:i:c:p:628-646
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.022
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    11. Lan, Yuncheng & Lu, Junhui & Mu, Lianbo & Wang, Suilin & Zhai, Huixing, 2023. "Waste heat recovery from exhausted gas of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell to produce hydrogen using thermoelectric generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    12. Wang, Xi & Henshaw, Paul & Ting, David S.-K., 2021. "Exergoeconomic analysis for a thermoelectric generator using mutation particle swarm optimization (M-PSO)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    13. Behzadi, Amirmohammad & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Gholamian, Ehsan, 2020. "Multi-criteria optimization of a biomass-fired proton exchange membrane fuel cell integrated with organic rankine cycle/thermoelectric generator using different gasification agents," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    14. Dimitrova, Zlatina & Nader, Wissam Bou, 2022. "PEM fuel cell as an auxiliary power unit for range extended hybrid electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    15. Atyabi, Seyed Ali & Afshari, Ebrahim & Shakarami, Negar, 2023. "Three-dimensional multiphase modeling of the performance of an open-cathode PEM fuel cell with additional cooling channels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    16. Wang, Hanbin & Luo, Chunhuan & Zhang, Rudan & Li, Yongsheng & Yang, Changchang & Li, Zexiang & Li, Jianhao & Li, Na & Li, Yiqun & Su, Qingquan, 2023. "Experiment and performance evaluation of an integrated low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with an absorption chiller," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    17. Singh, B. & Mohamed, W.A.N.W. & Hamani, M.N.F. & Sofiya, K.Z.N.A., 2021. "Enhancement of low grade waste heat recovery from a fuel cell using a thermoelectric generator module with swirl flows," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    18. Li, Qingshan & Wang, Chenfang & Wang, Chunmei & Zhou, Taotao & Zhang, Xianwen & Zhang, Yangjun & Zhuge, Weilin & Sun, Li, 2023. "Comparison of organic coolants for boiling cooling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    19. Zhao, Xiaohuan & Jiang, Jiang & Zuo, Hongyan & Mao, Zhengsong, 2023. "Performance analysis of diesel particulate filter thermoelectric conversion mobile energy storage system under engine conditions of low-speed and light-load," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).

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