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A liquefied energy chain for transport and utilization of natural gas for power production with CO2 capture and storage - Part 1

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  • Aspelund, Audun
  • Gundersen, Truls

Abstract

A novel transport chain for stranded natural gas utilized for power production with CO2 capture and storage is developed. It includes an offshore section, a combined gas carrier, and an onshore integrated receiving terminal. Due to utilization of the cold exergy both in the offshore and onshore processes, and combined use of the gas carrier, the transport chain is both energy and cost effective. In this paper, the liquefied energy chain (LEC) is explained, including novel processes for both the offshore field site and onshore market site. In the offshore section, natural gas (NG) is liquefied to LNG by liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) and liquid inert nitrogen (LIN), which are used as cold carriers. The LNG is transported in a combined gas carrier to the receiving terminal where it is used as a cooling agent to liquefy CO2 and nitrogen. The LCO2 and LIN are transported offshore using the same combined carrier. Pinch and Exergy Analyses are used to determine the optimal offshore and onshore processes and the best transport conditions. The exergy efficiency for a thermodynamically optimized process is 87% and 71% for the offshore and onshore processes, respectively, yielding a total efficiency of 52%. The offshore process is self-supported with power and can operate with few units of rotating equipment and without flammable refrigerants. The loss of natural gas due to power generation for the energy requirements in the LEC processes is roughly one third of the loss in a conventional transport chain for stranded natural gas with CO2 sequestration. The LEC has several configurations and can be used for small scale ( 5 MTPA LNG) transport. In the example in this paper, the total costs for the simple LEC including transport of natural gas to a 400Â MWnet power plant and return of 85% of the corresponding carbon as CO2 for a total sailing distance of 24Â h are 58.1 EUR/tonne LNG excluding or including the cost of power. The total power requirements are 319Â kWh/tonne, hence the energy costs are 31.9Â EUR/tonne LNG adding up to 90.0Â EUR/tonne LNG. The exergy efficiency for this energy chain including power production and CO2 capture is 46.4% with a total cost of 20.4Â EUR/MWh for the produced electricity. The total emissions (in CO2 equivalents) in the chain are 1-1.5% of the transported CO2.

Suggested Citation

  • Aspelund, Audun & Gundersen, Truls, 2009. "A liquefied energy chain for transport and utilization of natural gas for power production with CO2 capture and storage - Part 1," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(6), pages 781-792, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:86:y:2009:i:6:p:781-792
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aspelund, Audun & Gundersen, Truls, 2009. "A liquefied energy chain for transport and utilization of natural gas for power production with CO2 capture and storage - Part 2: The offshore and the onshore processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(6), pages 793-804, June.
    2. Torp, Tore A & Gale, John, 2004. "Demonstrating storage of CO2 in geological reservoirs: The Sleipner and SACS projects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(9), pages 1361-1369.
    3. Zhang, Na & Lior, Noam, 2006. "A novel near-zero CO2 emission thermal cycle with LNG cryogenic exergy utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(10), pages 1666-1679.
    4. Aspelund, Audun & Tveit, Steinar P. & Gundersen, Truls, 2009. "A liquefied energy chain for transport and utilization of natural gas for power production with CO2 capture and storage - Part 3: The combined carrier and onshore storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(6), pages 805-814, June.
    5. Aspelund, Audun & Gundersen, Truls, 2009. "A liquefied energy chain for transport and utilization of natural gas for power production with CO2 capture and storage - Part 4: Sensitivity analysis of transport pressures and benchmarking with conv," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(6), pages 815-825, June.
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