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Effective suppression for overshoot voltage of PEM electrolyzer by power supply

Author

Listed:
  • He, Mingzhi
  • Nie, Gongzhe
  • Yang, Haoran
  • Wang, Xiongzheng
  • Zhou, Shuhan
  • Meng, Xin

Abstract

Renewable energy generation which inherently has intermittent and fluctuating characteristics, makes Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers operate intermittently. Specially, the overshoot voltage phenomenon will be happened when the electrolyzer power increase rapidly to stable operate. This can cause the electrolyzer to operate overload, which reduce hydrogen production efficiency, increase power supply capacity and reduce its reliability. In this work, for suppressing overshoot voltage and protecting electrolyzer, the electrolyzer voltage is controlled through the power supply outputs a DC-biased voltage with a sine waveform. Comparing with the traditional protection scheme, the overshoot voltage is reduced by 17.5 % ∼ 30.5 % during low power operation. Noteworthily, the overshoot voltage is disappeared completely and the polarization voltage can be reduced by 7.6 % ∼ 13.5 % when the electrolyzer is in high power operation. Furthermore, the anode catalyst layer is characterized by the advanced characterization such as scanning electron microscopes (SEM), X-ray diffractometers (XRD), and micro-CT. It is found that the micrometer-scale pore collapse and the ion leaching will be suppressed by regulating electrolyzer voltage. Finally, through COMSOL Multiphysics simulations confirm that the reduction of pore diameter will increase the electrolyzer internal resistance and current distribution inhomogeneity which have a significant impact on the overshoot voltage behavior. Consequently, the research results provide a theoretical basis for designing a new generation of power supply-side electrolyzer protection schemes and membrane electrode.

Suggested Citation

  • He, Mingzhi & Nie, Gongzhe & Yang, Haoran & Wang, Xiongzheng & Zhou, Shuhan & Meng, Xin, 2025. "Effective suppression for overshoot voltage of PEM electrolyzer by power supply," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 379(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:379:y:2025:i:c:s0306261924023249
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124941
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. He, Mingzhi & Nie, Gongzhe & Yang, Haoran & Li, Binghui & Zhou, Shuhan & Wang, Xiongzheng & Meng, Xin, 2024. "A generic equivalent circuit model for PEM electrolyzer with multi-timescale and stages under multi-mode control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    2. Dong, Xiangxiang & Wu, Jiang & Xu, Zhanbo & Liu, Kun & Guan, Xiaohong, 2022. "Optimal coordination of hydrogen-based integrated energy systems with combination of hydrogen and water storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    3. Mohammadi, Amin & Mehrpooya, Mehdi, 2018. "A comprehensive review on coupling different types of electrolyzer to renewable energy sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 632-655.
    4. Papakonstantinou, Georgios & Algara-Siller, Gerardo & Teschner, Detre & Vidaković-Koch, Tanja & Schlögl, Robert & Sundmacher, Kai, 2020. "Degradation study of a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer under dynamic operation conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    5. Wang, Mingyong & Wang, Zhi & Gong, Xuzhong & Guo, Zhancheng, 2014. "The intensification technologies to water electrolysis for hydrogen production – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 573-588.
    6. Notton, Gilles & Nivet, Marie-Laure & Voyant, Cyril & Paoli, Christophe & Darras, Christophe & Motte, Fabrice & Fouilloy, Alexis, 2018. "Intermittent and stochastic character of renewable energy sources: Consequences, cost of intermittence and benefit of forecasting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 96-105.
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