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A highly active electrolyte for high-capacity iron‑chromium flow batteries

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Listed:
  • Wu, Min
  • Nan, Mingjun
  • Ye, Yujiao
  • Yang, Mingjun
  • Qiao, Lin
  • Zhang, Huamin
  • Ma, Xiangkun

Abstract

Iron‑chromium flow battery (ICFB) is the one of the most promising flow batteries due to its low cost. However, the serious capacity loss of ICFBs limit its further development. Herein, we analyze the capacity loss mechanism of ICFBs. The capacity loss is due to inactive Cr(H2O)63+ ions result in the mismatched content of active ions in catholyte and anolyte. Thus, a simple method is proposed to raise the content of active Cr3+ species (Cr(H2O)5Cl2+ and Cr(H2O)4Cl2+), achieving the match of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Cr3+/Cr2+ redox couples and reducing the capacity loss of ICFBs. Meanwhile, the increasing content of active Cr3+ ions was proved by the quantitative analysis of the UV–vis absorption spectra. As a result, the ICFB with the improved electrolyte of 1 M FeCl2 + 1.3 M CrCl3 + 3 M HCl (E-1.3Cr) exhibits an energy efficiency (EE) of 84.51%, which is much higher than the original one of 1 M FeCl2 + 1 M CrCl3 + 3 M HCl (E-1Cr) (82.32%) at a current density of 80 mA cm−2. Most importantly, the ICFB with E-1.3Cr (7.44 mAh/cycle) shows the much slower capacity decay rate than that with E-1Cr (9.16 mAh/cycle). This work provides an effective way to accelerate engineering applications of ICFBs.

Suggested Citation

  • Wu, Min & Nan, Mingjun & Ye, Yujiao & Yang, Mingjun & Qiao, Lin & Zhang, Huamin & Ma, Xiangkun, 2024. "A highly active electrolyte for high-capacity iron‑chromium flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:358:y:2024:i:c:s0306261923018986
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122534
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohamed, M.R. & Leung, P.K. & Sulaiman, M.H., 2015. "Performance characterization of a vanadium redox flow battery at different operating parameters under a standardized test-bed system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 402-412.
    2. Wang, Shaoliang & Xu, Zeyu & Wu, Xiaoliang & Zhao, Huan & Zhao, Jinling & Liu, Jianguo & Yan, Chuanwei & Fan, Xinzhuang, 2020. "Analyses and optimization of electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical performance of iron-chromium flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    3. Zeng, Y.K. & Zhao, T.S. & Zhou, X.L. & Zeng, L. & Wei, L., 2016. "The effects of design parameters on the charge-discharge performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 204-209.
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