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Impact of high-amplitude alternating current on LiFePO4 battery life performance: Investigation of AC-preheating and microcycling effects

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  • Ghassemi, Alireza
  • Hollenkamp, Anthony F.
  • Chakraborty Banerjee, Parama
  • Bahrani, Behrooz

Abstract

Superimposed Alternating Current (AC) imposed by electric machines and power electronics components in renewable energy systems and electric vehicles (EVs) exposes Li-ion batteries (LIBs) to high-amplitude AC harmonics (i.e., ripple currents). These AC perturbations make LIBs experience shallow charge-discharge cycles or microcycles, resulting in significantly increased battery charge throughput. Recently high amplitude AC-only waveforms have also attracted significant attention as they can be used to warm up/preheat EV batteries in low-temperature environments. To understand what happens when the amplitude of AC-bearing duty cycles is pushed to higher levels, beyond the recommended constant current value set by the manufacturer, a set of fresh LiFePO4 (LFP) cells were subjected to high-amplitude AC-only profiles at low and high frequencies for extended periods. Subsequently, LFP cells were cycled on dynamic current profiles (superimposed AC profiles) for ∼ 200 days, representing real situations encountered by LIBs in renewable energy and electromobility systems. Long-term aging results revealed that as long as the AC current induces a voltage oscillation that remains below the calculated threshold polarization overpotential, the cycle-life of LFP cells is not significantly affected for AC duties as high as the recommended constant current values. Furthermore, for high-frequency AC, a significant amount of microcycling is effectively filtered out by the battery’s double-layer capacitance. However, for low-frequency superimposed AC, for which most of the AC current flows through the charge-transfer resistance, higher charge throughput induced by microcycles causes accelerated degradation.

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  • Ghassemi, Alireza & Hollenkamp, Anthony F. & Chakraborty Banerjee, Parama & Bahrani, Behrooz, 2022. "Impact of high-amplitude alternating current on LiFePO4 battery life performance: Investigation of AC-preheating and microcycling effects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:314:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922003592
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118940
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Liang, Lin & Zhao, Yaohua & Diao, Yanhua & Ren, Ruyang & Zhu, Tingting & Li, Yan, 2023. "Experimental investigation of preheating performance of lithium-ion battery modules in electric vehicles enhanced by bending flat micro heat pipe array," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    3. Kalina Detka & Krzysztof Górecki, 2023. "Selected Technologies of Electrochemical Energy Storage—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-36, June.

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