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Comparison of spatially and temporally resolved energy system models with a focus on Germany's future power supply

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  • Gils, Hans Christian
  • Pregger, Thomas
  • Flachsbarth, Franziska
  • Jentsch, Mareike
  • Dierstein, Constantin

Abstract

Energy system models usually have different data structures and mathematical approaches and therefore arrive at different results that are mostly not directly comparable. This aspect has a high relevance with regard to model-based scenario analyses for future energy systems. In addition, the variable nature of wind and solar power and their intended further expansion raise new questions of increasing complexity, such as the future role of different load balancing options. In this context the present contribution adds a new approach of systematic model comparison considering energy system models with a regional and hourly resolution. We carried out a model experiment under conditions that allow for a transparent comparison of modelling approaches and thus link differences in the results with properties of the models. The analysis includes different scenarios for a mostly renewable power system with sector coupling for Germany. The quantitative results reveal the impact of different technology modelling approaches when using input data that are as identical as possible. In addition the analysis provides new conclusions for the possible role of different load balancing options and the robustness of the underlying modelling. Furthermore, it provides insight into the lessons learnt from designing an energy system model experiment.

Suggested Citation

  • Gils, Hans Christian & Pregger, Thomas & Flachsbarth, Franziska & Jentsch, Mareike & Dierstein, Constantin, 2019. "Comparison of spatially and temporally resolved energy system models with a focus on Germany's future power supply," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:255:y:2019:i:c:s0306261919315764
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113889
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    1. Gils, Hans Christian & Gardian, Hedda & Kittel, Martin & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Zerrahn, Alexander & Murmann, Alexander & Launer, Jann & Fehler, Alexander & Gaumnitz, Felix & van Ouwerkerk, Jonas & Bußa, 2022. "Modeling flexibility in energy systems — comparison of power sector models based on simplified test cases," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    2. Yi‐kuang Chen & Anne Hexeberg & Knut Einar Rosendahl & Torjus F. Bolkesjø, 2021. "Long‐term trends of Nordic power market: A review," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(6), November.
    3. Raventós, Oriol & Dengiz, Thomas & Medjroubi, Wided & Unaichi, Chinonso & Bruckmeier, Andreas & Finck, Rafael, 2022. "Comparison of different methods of spatial disaggregation of electricity generation and consumption time series," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    4. Thure Traber & Franziska Simone Hegner & Hans-Josef Fell, 2021. "An Economically Viable 100% Renewable Energy System for All Energy Sectors of Germany in 2030," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, August.
    5. Syranidou, Chloi & Koch, Matthias & Matthes, Björn & Winger, Christian & Linßen, Jochen & Rehtanz, Christian & Stolten, Detlef, 2022. "Development of an open framework for a qualitative and quantitative comparison of power system and electricity grid models for Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    6. Mengzhu Xiao & Manuel Wetzel & Thomas Pregger & Sonja Simon & Yvonne Scholz, 2020. "Modeling the Supply of Renewable Electricity to Metropolitan Regions in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-31, June.
    7. Bernath, Christiane & Deac, Gerda & Sensfuß, Frank, 2021. "Impact of sector coupling on the market value of renewable energies – A model-based scenario analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    8. Prina, Matteo Giacomo & Nastasi, Benedetto & Groppi, Daniele & Misconel, Steffi & Garcia, Davide Astiaso & Sparber, Wolfram, 2022. "Comparison methods of energy system frameworks, models and scenario results," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    9. Siala, Kais & Mier, Mathias & Schmidt, Lukas & Torralba-Díaz, Laura & Sheykhha, Siamak & Savvidis, Georgios, 2022. "Which model features matter? An experimental approach to evaluate power market modeling choices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    10. Tobias Junne & Karl-Kiên Cao & Kim Kira Miskiw & Heidi Hottenroth & Tobias Naegler, 2021. "Considering Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Power System Expansion Planning for Europe and North Africa Using Multi-Objective Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-26, February.
    11. van Ouwerkerk, Jonas & Gils, Hans Christian & Gardian, Hedda & Kittel, Martin & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Zerrahn, Alexander & Murmann, Alexander & Launer, Jann & Torralba-Díaz, Laura & Bußar, Christian, 2022. "Impacts of power sector model features on optimal capacity expansion: A comparative study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    12. Heinisch, Verena & Dujardin, Jérôme & Gabrielli, Paolo & Jain, Pranjal & Lehning, Michael & Sansavini, Giovanni & Sasse, Jan-Philipp & Schaffner, Christian & Schwarz, Marius & Trutnevyte, Evelina, 2023. "Inter-comparison of spatial models for high shares of renewable electricity in Switzerland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    13. Morgenthaler, Simon & Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm & Witthaut, Dirk, 2020. "Optimal system layout and locations for fully renewable high temperature co-electrolysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    14. van Ouwerkerk, Jonas & Hainsch, Karlo & Candas, Soner & Muschner, Christoph & Buchholz, Stefanie & Günther, Stephan & Huyskens, Hendrik & Berendes, Sarah & Löffler, Konstantin & Bußar, Christian & Tar, 2022. "Comparing open source power system models - A case study focusing on fundamental modeling parameters for the German energy transition," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    15. Gils, Hans Christian & Gardian, Hedda & Kittel, Martin & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Murmann, Alexander & Launer, Jann & Gaumnitz, Felix & van Ouwerkerk, Jonas & Mikurda, Jennifer & Torralba-Díaz, Laura, 2022. "Model-related outcome differences in power system models with sector coupling—Quantification and drivers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    16. Gardian, H. & Beck, J.-P. & Koch, M. & Kunze, R. & Muschner, C. & Hülk, L. & Bucksteeg, M., 2022. "Data harmonisation for energy system analysis – Example of multi-model experiments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    17. Gils, Hans Christian & Gardian, Hedda & Schmugge, Jens, 2021. "Interaction of hydrogen infrastructures with other sector coupling options towards a zero-emission energy system in Germany," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 140-156.
    18. Misconel, S. & Leisen, R. & Mikurda, J. & Zimmermann, F. & Fraunholz, C. & Fichtner, W. & Möst, D. & Weber, C., 2022. "Systematic comparison of high-resolution electricity system modeling approaches focusing on investment, dispatch and generation adequacy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).

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