IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v251y2019ic32.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A proportional–integral (PI) law based variable speed technology for temperature control in indirect evaporative cooling system

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Yi
  • Yan, Huaxia
  • Luo, Yimo
  • Yang, Hongxing

Abstract

The operation of indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) largely depends on the ambient temperature and humidity. To maintain stable indoor temperature, proper controller is essential. On-off control is a mature and stable control method used on constant speed fans. However, large fluctuation of indoor temperature can be observed because of limited control precision. To achieve better thermal comfort, a proportional–integral (PI) law based variable speed technology is proposed for accurate temperature control in an IEC system. This technology had been proved highly effective in central air-conditioning systems and direct expansion air-conditioners in terms of control precision and energy saving, but its techno-economic feasibility in IEC has not been investigated. In this study, annual dynamic simulation has been conducted to an IEC system based on the IEC model and control algorithm. Results show that indoor temperature can be controlled within ±0.5 °C around the setting point for 81.9% of time, while it is only 30.5% under on-off control. The PI based controller is well adapted to cooling loads in all seasons with good control precision, fast response speed and small overshoots. Response time of PI control is only 10 min in a disturbance rejection test, which is much shorter than 30 min under the on-off control. Annually, IEC with variable speed fans consume 50.0% less energy than that of on-off fans. At last, economic analysis shows that this technology is economically feasible only when the power of primary air fan is larger than 1.75 kW.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Yi & Yan, Huaxia & Luo, Yimo & Yang, Hongxing, 2019. "A proportional–integral (PI) law based variable speed technology for temperature control in indirect evaporative cooling system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:251:y:2019:i:c:32
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113390
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261919310645
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113390?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chen, Yi & Yang, Hongxing & Luo, Yimo, 2018. "Investigation on solar assisted liquid desiccant dehumidifier and evaporative cooling system for fresh air treatment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 114-127.
    2. Chen, Yi & Yan, Huaxia & Yang, Hongxing, 2018. "Comparative study of on-off control and novel high-low control of regenerative indirect evaporative cooler (RIEC)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 233-243.
    3. Duan, Zhiyin & Zhan, Changhong & Zhang, Xingxing & Mustafa, Mahmud & Zhao, Xudong & Alimohammadisagvand, Behrang & Hasan, Ala, 2012. "Indirect evaporative cooling: Past, present and future potentials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6823-6850.
    4. Zhou, Yuanyuan & Zhang, Tao & Wang, Fang & Yu, Yanshun, 2018. "Performance analysis of a novel thermoelectric assisted indirect evaporative cooling system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 299-308.
    5. Yan, Huaxia & Pan, Yan & Li, Zhao & Deng, Shiming, 2018. "Further development of a thermal comfort based fuzzy logic controller for a direct expansion air conditioning system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 312-324.
    6. Xuan, Y.M. & Xiao, F. & Niu, X.F. & Huang, X. & Wang, S.W., 2012. "Research and application of evaporative cooling in China: A review (I) – Research," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3535-3546.
    7. Maheshwari, G. P. & Al-Ragom, F. & Suri, R. K., 2001. "Energy-saving potential of an indirect evaporative cooler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 69-76, May.
    8. Liu, Yuting & Li, Jun Ming & Yang, Xu & Zhao, Xudong, 2019. "Two-dimensional numerical study of a heat and mass exchanger for a dew-point evaporative cooler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 975-988.
    9. Xuan, Y.M. & Xiao, F. & Niu, X.F. & Huang, X. & Wang, S.W., 2012. "Research and applications of evaporative cooling in China: A review (II)—Systems and equipment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3523-3534.
    10. Chen, Yi & Yang, Hongxing & Luo, Yimo, 2017. "Parameter sensitivity analysis and configuration optimization of indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) considering condensation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 440-453.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Cui, Xin & Yan, Weichao & Liu, Yilin & Zhao, Min & Jin, Liwen, 2020. "Performance analysis of a hollow fiber membrane-based heat and mass exchanger for evaporative cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    2. Zhang, Zi-Yang & Zhang, Chun-Lu & Xiao, Fu, 2020. "Energy-efficient decentralized control method with enhanced robustness for multi-evaporator air conditioning systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    3. Yan, Weichao & Meng, Xiangzhao & Cui, Xin & Liu, Yilin & Chen, Qian & Jin, Liwen, 2022. "Evaporative cooling performance prediction and multi-objective optimization for hollow fiber membrane module using response surface methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    4. Cui, Xin & Yang, Chuanjun & Yan, Weichao & Zhang, Lianying & Wan, Yangda & Chua, Kian Jon, 2023. "Experimental study on a moisture-conducting fiber-assisted tubular indirect evaporative cooler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
    5. Shi, Wenchao & Min, Yunran & Ma, Xiaochen & Chen, Yi & Yang, Hongxing, 2022. "Dynamic performance evaluation of porous indirect evaporative cooling system with intermittent spraying strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    6. Ma, Xiaochen & Shi, Wenchao & Yang, Hongxing, 2022. "Study on water spraying distribution to improve the energy recovery performance of indirect evaporative coolers with nozzle arrangement optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Hongxing & Shi, Wenchao & Chen, Yi & Min, Yunran, 2021. "Research development of indirect evaporative cooling technology: An updated review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    2. Shahzad, Muhammad Wakil & Lin, Jie & Xu, Ben Bin & Dala, Laurent & Chen, Qian & Burhan, Muhammad & Sultan, Muhammad & Worek, William & Ng, Kim Choon, 2021. "A spatiotemporal indirect evaporative cooler enabled by transiently interceding water mist," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    3. Chen, Yi & Yang, Hongxing & Luo, Yimo, 2017. "Parameter sensitivity analysis and configuration optimization of indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) considering condensation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 440-453.
    4. Anisimov, Sergey & Pandelidis, Demis & Jedlikowski, Andrzej & Polushkin, Vitaliy, 2014. "Performance investigation of a M (Maisotsenko)-cycle cross-flow heat exchanger used for indirect evaporative cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 593-606.
    5. Mahmood, Muhammad H. & Sultan, Muhammad & Miyazaki, Takahiko & Koyama, Shigeru & Maisotsenko, Valeriy S., 2016. "Overview of the Maisotsenko cycle – A way towards dew point evaporative cooling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 537-555.
    6. Yang, Yifan & Cui, Gary & Lan, Christopher Q., 2019. "Developments in evaporative cooling and enhanced evaporative cooling - A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Chen, Yi & Yan, Huaxia & Yang, Hongxing, 2018. "Comparative study of on-off control and novel high-low control of regenerative indirect evaporative cooler (RIEC)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 233-243.
    8. Elsarrag, Esam & Igobo, Opubo N. & Alhorr, Yousef & Davies, Philip A., 2016. "Solar pond powered liquid desiccant evaporative cooling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 124-140.
    9. Baniyounes, Ali M. & Ghadi, Yazeed Yasin & Rasul, M.G. & Khan, M.M.K., 2013. "An overview of solar assisted air conditioning in Queensland's subtropical regions, Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 781-804.
    10. He, Suoying & Gurgenci, Hal & Guan, Zhiqiang & Huang, Xiang & Lucas, Manuel, 2015. "A review of wetted media with potential application in the pre-cooling of natural draft dry cooling towers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 407-422.
    11. Cui, Xin & Yang, Chuanjun & Yan, Weichao & Zhang, Lianying & Wan, Yangda & Chua, Kian Jon, 2023. "Experimental study on a moisture-conducting fiber-assisted tubular indirect evaporative cooler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
    12. Li, Wuyan & Li, Yongcai & Shi, Wenxing & Lu, Jun, 2021. "Energy and exergy study on indirect evaporative cooler used in exhaust air heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    13. Li, Wuyan & Wang, Jue & Shi, Wenxing & Lu, Jun, 2022. "High-efficiency cooling solution for exhaust air heat pump: Modeling and experimental validation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    14. Waqas, Adeel & Ud Din, Zia, 2013. "Phase change material (PCM) storage for free cooling of buildings—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 607-625.
    15. Oh, Seung Jin & Shahzad, Muhammad Wakil & Burhan, Muhammad & Chun, Wongee & Kian Jon, Chua & KumJa, M. & Ng, Kim Choon, 2019. "Approaches to energy efficiency in air conditioning: A comparative study on purge configurations for indirect evaporative cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 505-515.
    16. Zeynab Emdadi & Nilofar Asim & Mohd Ambar Yarmo & Roslinda Shamsudin & Masita Mohammad & Kamaruzaman Sopian, 2016. "Green Material Prospects for Passive Evaporative Cooling Systems: Geopolymers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-19, July.
    17. Rampazzo, Mirco & Lionello, Michele & Beghi, Alessandro & Sisti, Enrico & Cecchinato, Luca, 2019. "A static moving boundary modelling approach for simulation of indirect evaporative free cooling systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 1719-1728.
    18. Xu, Peng & Ma, Xiaoli & Zhao, Xudong & Fancey, Kevin, 2017. "Experimental investigation of a super performance dew point air cooler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 761-777.
    19. Açıkkalp, Emin & Caliskan, Hakan & Hong, Hiki & Piao, Hongjie & Seung, Dohyun, 2022. "Extended exergy analysis of a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module based desiccant air cooling system for buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    20. Behi, Hamidreza & Karimi, Danial & Jaguemont, Joris & Gandoman, Foad Heidari & Kalogiannis, Theodoros & Berecibar, Maitane & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2021. "Novel thermal management methods to improve the performance of the Li-ion batteries in high discharge current applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:251:y:2019:i:c:32. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.