IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v236y2019icp147-154.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Nox emission of ternary nitrate molten salts in high-temperature heat storage and transfer process

Author

Listed:
  • Wei, Xiaolan
  • Qin, Bo
  • Yang, Chuntao
  • Wang, Weilong
  • Ding, Jing
  • Wang, Yan
  • Peng, Qiang

Abstract

NOx emission from the ternary eutectic molten salt (7 wt%NaNO3-40 wt%NaNO2-53 wt%KNO3, HITEC) has been investigated in thermal energy storage (TES) processes. The effect of different metal and exposure time on NOx emission is evaluated, including Incoloy 625 and Hastelloy C276® of nickel-based alloys, and AISI 310S (310S) and AISI 321 (321) of stainless steels. The mechanism of NOx emissions is analyzed by using thermodynamic calculation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The experimental results indicate that HITEC can release less than 40 mg/m3 of NOx when exposing to In625 or HasC276 alloys below 500 °C, and more than 350 mg/m3 of NOx for 310S and 321 at 500 °C. It is found that oxide film is formed on metals surface for long exposure time in HITEC resulting in the decrease of NOx emission. The calculated Gibbs free energy change reveals that above 500 °C, Cr2O3 protective films on the metals are reduced, which contributes to rapid increase of NO2 and NO emissions. In625 or HasC276 alloys is recommend to be used in pipe line/container, and the NOx emissions of HITEC based TES system can be effectively decreased especially for long-term energy storage.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei, Xiaolan & Qin, Bo & Yang, Chuntao & Wang, Weilong & Ding, Jing & Wang, Yan & Peng, Qiang, 2019. "Nox emission of ternary nitrate molten salts in high-temperature heat storage and transfer process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 147-154.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:236:y:2019:i:c:p:147-154
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.087
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261918318026
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.087?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wei, Xiaolan & Yang, Chuntao & Lu, Jianfeng & Wang, Weilong & Ding, Jing, 2017. "The mechanism of NOx emissions from binary molten nitrate salts contacting nickel base alloy in thermal energy storage process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 265-273.
    2. Wei, Xiaolan & Wang, Yan & Peng, Qiang & Yang, Jianping & Yang, Xiaoxi & Ding, Jing, 2014. "NOx emissions and NO2- formation in thermal energy storage process of binary molten nitrate salts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 215-221.
    3. Peng, Qiang & Ding, Jing & Wei, Xiaolan & Yang, Jianping & Yang, Xiaoxi, 2010. "The preparation and properties of multi-component molten salts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(9), pages 2812-2817, September.
    4. Vignarooban, K. & Xu, Xinhai & Wang, K. & Molina, E.E. & Li, P. & Gervasio, D. & Kannan, A.M., 2015. "Vapor pressure and corrosivity of ternary metal-chloride molten-salt based heat transfer fluids for use in concentrating solar power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 206-213.
    5. Yang, Chuntao & Wei, Xiaolan & Wang, Weilong & Lin, Zihao & Ding, Jing & Wang, Yan & Peng, Qiang & Yang, Jianping, 2016. "NOx emissions and the component changes of ternary molten nitrate salts in thermal energy storage process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 346-352.
    6. Vignarooban, K. & Xu, Xinhai & Arvay, A. & Hsu, K. & Kannan, A.M., 2015. "Heat transfer fluids for concentrating solar power systems – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 383-396.
    7. Huang, Zhaowen & Luo, Zigeng & Gao, Xuenong & Fang, Xiaoming & Fang, Yutang & Zhang, Zhengguo, 2017. "Investigations on the thermal stability, long-term reliability of LiNO3/KCl – expanded graphite composite as industrial waste heat storage material and its corrosion properties with metals," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 521-528.
    8. Fernández, A.G. & Ushak, S. & Galleguillos, H. & Pérez, F.J., 2014. "Development of new molten salts with LiNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 for energy storage in CSP plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 131-140.
    9. Nunes, V.M.B. & Queirós, C.S. & Lourenço, M.J.V. & Santos, F.J.V. & Nieto de Castro, C.A., 2016. "Molten salts as engineering fluids – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 603-611.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Du, Lichan & Ding, Jing & Tian, Heqing & Wang, Weilong & Wei, Xiaolan & Song, Ming, 2017. "Thermal properties and thermal stability of the ternary eutectic salt NaCl-CaCl2-MgCl2 used in high-temperature thermal energy storage process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1225-1230.
    2. Wei, Xiaolan & Yang, Chuntao & Lu, Jianfeng & Wang, Weilong & Ding, Jing, 2017. "The mechanism of NOx emissions from binary molten nitrate salts contacting nickel base alloy in thermal energy storage process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 265-273.
    3. Kondaiah, P. & Pitchumani, R., 2023. "Progress and opportunities in corrosion mitigation in heat transfer fluids for next-generation concentrating solar power," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 956-991.
    4. Villada, Carolina & Bonk, Alexander & Bauer, Thomas & Bolívar, Francisco, 2018. "High-temperature stability of nitrate/nitrite molten salt mixtures under different atmospheres," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 107-115.
    5. Yang, Chuntao & Wei, Xiaolan & Wang, Weilong & Lin, Zihao & Ding, Jing & Wang, Yan & Peng, Qiang & Yang, Jianping, 2016. "NOx emissions and the component changes of ternary molten nitrate salts in thermal energy storage process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 346-352.
    6. Delise, T. & Tizzoni, A.C. & Menale, C. & Telling, M.T.F. & Bubbico, R. & Crescenzi, T. & Corsaro, N. & Sau, S. & Licoccia, S., 2020. "Technical and economic analysis of a CSP plant presenting a low freezing ternary mixture as storage and transfer fluid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    7. Julian Steinbrecher & Markus Braun & Thomas Bauer & Sebastian Kunkel & Alexander Bonk, 2023. "Solar Salt above 600 °C: Impact of Experimental Design on Thermodynamic Stability Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-16, July.
    8. Ding, Jing & Du, Lichan & Pan, Gechuanqi & Lu, Jianfeng & Wei, Xiaolan & Li, Jiang & Wang, Weilong & Yan, Jinyue, 2018. "Molecular dynamics simulations of the local structures and thermodynamic properties on molten alkali carbonate K2CO3," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 536-544.
    9. Chacartegui, R. & Alovisio, A. & Ortiz, C. & Valverde, J.M. & Verda, V. & Becerra, J.A., 2016. "Thermochemical energy storage of concentrated solar power by integration of the calcium looping process and a CO2 power cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 589-605.
    10. Walczak, Magdalena & Pineda, Fabiola & Fernández, Ángel G. & Mata-Torres, Carlos & Escobar, Rodrigo A., 2018. "Materials corrosion for thermal energy storage systems in concentrated solar power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 22-44.
    11. Liu, Ming & Steven Tay, N.H. & Bell, Stuart & Belusko, Martin & Jacob, Rhys & Will, Geoffrey & Saman, Wasim & Bruno, Frank, 2016. "Review on concentrating solar power plants and new developments in high temperature thermal energy storage technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1411-1432.
    12. Ni, Haiou & Wu, Jie & Sun, Ze & Lu, Guimin & Yu, Jianguo, 2019. "Molecular simulation of the structure and physical properties of alkali nitrate salts for thermal energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 955-967.
    13. Mohammad, Mehedi Bin & Brooks, Geoffrey Alan & Rhamdhani, M. Akbar, 2017. "Thermal analysis of molten ternary lithium-sodium-potassium nitrates," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 76-87.
    14. Fernández, Angel G. & Gomez-Vidal, Judith & Oró, Eduard & Kruizenga, Alan & Solé, Aran & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2019. "Mainstreaming commercial CSP systems: A technology review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 152-176.
    15. Feng, Penghui & Wu, Zhen & Zhang, Yang & Yang, Fusheng & Wang, Yuqi & Zhang, Zaoxiao, 2018. "Multi-level configuration and optimization of a thermal energy storage system using a metal hydride pair," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 25-36.
    16. Sau, S. & Corsaro, N. & Crescenzi, T. & D’Ottavi, C. & Liberatore, R. & Licoccia, S. & Russo, V. & Tarquini, P. & Tizzoni, A.C., 2016. "Techno-economic comparison between CSP plants presenting two different heat transfer fluids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 96-109.
    17. Fernández, Angel G. & Muñoz-Sánchez, Belen & Nieto-Maestre, Javier & García-Romero, Ana, 2019. "High temperature corrosion behavior on molten nitrate salt-based nanofluids for CSP plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 902-909.
    18. Arias, I. & Cardemil, J. & Zarza, E. & Valenzuela, L. & Escobar, R., 2022. "Latest developments, assessments and research trends for next generation of concentrated solar power plants using liquid heat transfer fluids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    19. Xu, Xinhai & Vignarooban, K. & Xu, Ben & Hsu, K. & Kannan, A.M., 2016. "Prospects and problems of concentrating solar power technologies for power generation in the desert regions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1106-1131.
    20. Pawan Kumar Kuldeep & Sandeep Kumar & Mohammed Saquib Khan & Hitesh Panchal & Ashmore Mawire & Sunita Mahavar, 2022. "Investigation of Heat Transfer Fluids Using a Solar Concentrator for Medium Temperature Storage Receiver Systems and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-16, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:236:y:2019:i:c:p:147-154. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.