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Thermally stratified compression ignition enabled by wet ethanol with a split injection strategy: A CFD simulation study

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  • Rahimi Boldaji, Mozhgan
  • Gainey, Brian
  • Lawler, Benjamin

Abstract

The potential application of partially distilled alcohol biofuels in a new, advanced, low temperature combustion (LTC) concept called Thermally Stratified Compression Ignition (TSCI) was studied in this work. TSCI, which was recently conceived, attempts to intentionally stratify the temperature distribution in the cylinder prior to ignition in a lean, premixed, compression-ignited combustion mode. Preliminary experiments used the latent heat of vaporization from the direct injection of water to stratify the temperatures prior to ignition and therefore provide control over the start and rate of combustion in LTC and expand the operating range. While these preliminary results are very encouraging, the requirement of a separate direct injector for water somewhat limits the commercial applications of this variant of TSCI (i.e. employing direct water injection). Instead, this work investigates using the latent heat of vaporization of wet ethanol to introduce the forced thermal stratification of TSCI to control the combustion process.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahimi Boldaji, Mozhgan & Gainey, Brian & Lawler, Benjamin, 2019. "Thermally stratified compression ignition enabled by wet ethanol with a split injection strategy: A CFD simulation study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 813-826.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:235:y:2019:i:c:p:813-826
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lawler, Benjamin & Splitter, Derek & Szybist, James & Kaul, Brian, 2017. "Thermally Stratified Compression Ignition: A new advanced low temperature combustion mode with load flexibility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 122-132.
    2. Saxena, Samveg & Vuilleumier, David & Kozarac, Darko & Krieck, Martin & Dibble, Robert & Aceves, Salvador, 2014. "Optimal operating conditions for wet ethanol in a HCCI engine using exhaust gas heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 269-277.
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    7. Darzi, Mahdi & Johnson, Derek & Ulishney, Chris & Clark, Nigel, 2018. "Low pressure direct injection strategies effect on a small SI natural gas two-stroke engine’s energy distribution and emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 1585-1602.
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    Cited by:

    1. Koupaie, Mohammadmohsen Moslemin & Cairns, Alasdair & Vafamehr, Hassan & Lanzanova, Thompson Diordinis Metzka, 2019. "A study of hydrous ethanol combustion in an optical central direct injection spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 258-269.
    2. Gainey, Brian & Gohn, James & Hariharan, Deivanayagam & Rahimi-Boldaji, Mozhgan & Lawler, Benjamin, 2020. "Assessing the impact of injector included angle and piston geometry on thermally stratified compression ignition with wet ethanol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    3. Stefania Esposito & Max Mally & Liming Cai & Heinz Pitsch & Stefan Pischinger, 2020. "Validation of a RANS 3D-CFD Gaseous Emission Model with Space-, Species-, and Cycle-Resolved Measurements from an SI DI Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, August.
    4. Shi, Cheng & Ji, Changwei & Ge, Yunshan & Wang, Shuofeng & Yang, Jinxin & Wang, Huaiyu, 2021. "Effects of split direct-injected hydrogen strategies on combustion and emissions performance of a small-scale rotary engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    5. Wang, Xiaochen & Gao, Jianbing & Chen, Zhanming & Chen, Hao & Zhao, Yuwei & Huang, Yuhan & Chen, Zhenbin, 2022. "Evaluation of hydrous ethanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 504-525.

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