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Coordinated sectional droop charging control for EV aggregator enhancing frequency stability of microgrid with high penetration of renewable energy sources

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  • Zhu, Xianwen
  • Xia, Mingchao
  • Chiang, Hsiao-Dong

Abstract

For microgrids with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs), the stochastic charging/discharging of the EVs would result in a large impact on the secure and stable operation of the microgrids. Therefore, the coordinated control between EVs and RESs becomes an important challenge for keeping the microgrid stable. In this paper, a coordinated sectional droop charging control (CSDCC) strategy is proposed for an EV aggregator that participates in the frequency regulation of the microgrids with high penetration RESs. All EVs are controlled as grid-friendly loads, and the CSDCC strategy operates as a virtual synchronous generator by only controlling the charging power of the EVs. Because the discharging of an EV is not required, the CSDCC strategy has no detrimental effects on the EV battery life. The inertia damping characteristic of a synchronous generator is modelled as a virtual inertia factor, which can eliminate charging power vibration, and can improve the system inertia. Finally, the validity of the proposed strategy in enhancing frequency regulation is verified by demonstrating a set of comparative cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhu, Xianwen & Xia, Mingchao & Chiang, Hsiao-Dong, 2018. "Coordinated sectional droop charging control for EV aggregator enhancing frequency stability of microgrid with high penetration of renewable energy sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 936-943.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:210:y:2018:i:c:p:936-943
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.087
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    15. de Oliveira, Glauber Cardoso & Bertone, Edoardo & Stewart, Rodney A., 2022. "Challenges, opportunities, and strategies for undertaking integrated precinct-scale energy–water system planning," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    16. Yu, Hang & Niu, Songyan & Shang, Yitong & Shao, Ziyun & Jia, Youwei & Jian, Linni, 2022. "Electric vehicles integration and vehicle-to-grid operation in active distribution grids: A comprehensive review on power architectures, grid connection standards and typical applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    17. Li, Yujun & Xu, Zhao & Xiong, Liansong & Song, Guobing & Zhang, Jianliang & Qi, Donglian & Yang, Hongming, 2019. "A cascading power sharing control for microgrid embedded with wind and solar generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 846-860.
    18. Liu, Hui & Huang, Kai & Wang, Ni & Qi, Junjian & Wu, Qiuwei & Ma, Shicong & Li, Canbing, 2019. "Optimal dispatch for participation of electric vehicles in frequency regulation based on area control error and area regulation requirement," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 46-55.
    19. Liu, Hui & Wang, Bin & Wang, Ni & Wu, Qiuwei & Yang, Yude & Wei, Hua & Li, Canbing, 2018. "Enabling strategies of electric vehicles for under frequency load shedding," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 843-851.
    20. El-Bidairi, Kutaiba S. & Nguyen, Hung Duc & Mahmoud, Thair S. & Jayasinghe, S.D.G. & Guerrero, Josep M., 2020. "Optimal sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for dynamic frequency control in an islanded microgrid: A case study of Flinders Island, Australia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    21. Morteza Nazari-Heris & Mehdi Abapour & Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, 2022. "An Updated Review and Outlook on Electric Vehicle Aggregators in Electric Energy Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, November.
    22. Xia, Mingchao & Song, Yuguang & Chen, Qifang, 2019. "Hierarchical control of thermostatically controlled loads oriented smart buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).

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