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Behavior of water balance components at sites with shallow groundwater tables: Possibilities and limitations of their simulation using different ways to control weighable groundwater lysimeters

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  • Dietrich, Ottfried
  • Fahle, Marcus
  • Seyfarth, Manfred

Abstract

The water cycle of sites with shallow groundwater tables is characterized by complex interactions of hydrological and ecological processes. The water balance components, which are subject to diurnal fluctuations, are best measured with groundwater lysimeters. However, the lower boundary condition of such lysimeters affects most of the hydrological variables, particularly when considering short time scales, and has to be defined in such a way as to facilitate realistic simulations. In this paper, different means of controlling the lower boundary condition of groundwater lysimeters were compared with respect to their ability to simulate the behavior of the water balance components properly. Measurements of rain-free periods from a lysimeter station installed in the Spreewald wetland in north–east Germany were evaluated. The most common groundwater lysimeter type is controlled using a Mariotte bottle and sets the groundwater level in the soil monolith to a constant level, which here caused an alteration of the inflow to the lysimeter, with respect to both its value and diurnal behavior. Still, daily evapotranspiration values were realistic and this simple and robust approach may be used for time intervals not shorter than one day. High-resolution measurements can be gained from lysimeters that automatically adjust the groundwater level by a system of pumps and valves on an hourly basis. Still, reliable results were only obtained when the conditions in the lysimeter and the surrounding field, where the target groundwater level was measured, were in accordance. Otherwise (e.g., when the groundwater level differed) an unrealistic inflow behavior evolved. Reasonable results, even for slightly diverging conditions, were gained with a new approach that defined the lower boundary conditions by controlling the inflows and outflows of the lysimeter. This approach further enabled the groundwater level itself to be the study subject, thereby enlarging the field of possible applications of groundwater lysimeters.

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  • Dietrich, Ottfried & Fahle, Marcus & Seyfarth, Manfred, 2016. "Behavior of water balance components at sites with shallow groundwater tables: Possibilities and limitations of their simulation using different ways to control weighable groundwater lysimeters," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 75-89.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:163:y:2016:i:c:p:75-89
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.09.005
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    2. Tang, Fujiao & Nowamooz, Hossein, 2020. "Outlet temperatures of a slinky-type Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger with the atmosphere-soil interaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 705-718.
    3. Tang, F. & Lahoori, M. & Nowamooz, H. & Rosin-Paumier, S. & Masrouri, F., 2021. "A numerical study into effects of soil compaction and heat storage on thermal performance of a Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 740-752.
    4. Shi, Yu & Cui, Qiliang & Song, Xianzhi & Xu, Fuqiang & Song, Guofeng, 2022. "Study on thermal performances of a horizontal ground heat exchanger geothermal system with different configurations and arrangements," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 448-463.
    5. Dietrich, Ottfried & Steidl, Jörg, 2021. "Field calibrations of a Diviner 2000 capacitive soil water content probe on a shallow groundwater site and the application in a weighable groundwater lysimeter," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).

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