IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/accfor/v33y2009i1p38-53.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Transparency and financial reporting in mid-20th century British banking

Author

Listed:
  • Billings, Mark
  • Capie, Forrest

Abstract

Until 1970, British banks were firm believers in the merits of ‘non-disclosure’, which obscured their ‘true’ profits and capital through profits smoothing and the use of hidden reserves. Many other companies adopted the same view for as long as legislation permitted, but there were special reasons why non-disclosure endured for longer in banking. This paper examines the persistence and demise of non-disclosure in banking, placing it in the context of the wider development of financial reporting in Britain, and highlights similarities and differences in financial reporting between banks and other types of company.

Suggested Citation

  • Billings, Mark & Capie, Forrest, 2009. "Transparency and financial reporting in mid-20th century British banking," Accounting forum, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 38-53.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:accfor:v:33:y:2009:i:1:p:38-53
    DOI: 10.1016/j.accfor.2008.07.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0155998208000422
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.accfor.2008.07.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael Collins, 1998. "English Bank Development within a European Context, 1870–1939," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 51(1), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Cox, Howard, 2000. "The Global Cigarette: Origins and Evolution of British American Tobacco, 1880-1945," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198292210, Decembrie.
    3. A. J. Arnold, 1997. "'Publishing your private affairs to the world': corporate financial disclosures in the UK 1900-24," Accounting History Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(2), pages 143-173.
    4. Josephine Maltby, 1999. "'A sort of guide, philosopher and friend': the rise of the professional auditor in Britain," Accounting History Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 29-50.
    5. Tadesse, Solomon, 2006. "The economic value of regulated disclosure: Evidence from the banking sector," Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 32-70.
    6. Capie, Forrest & Billings, Mark, 2004. "Evidence on competition in English commercial banking, 1920 1970," Financial History Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 11(01), pages 69-103, April.
    7. Mark Billings & Forrest Capie, 2007. "Capital in British banking, 1920-1970," Business History, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(2), pages 139-162.
    8. Harold James, 1992. "Financial flows across frontiers during the interwar depression," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 45(3), pages 594-613, August.
    9. Forrest Capie & Mark Billings, 2001. "Accounting issues and the measurement of profits - English banks 1920-68," Accounting History Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 225-251.
    10. A. Arnold & D. Matthews, 2002. "Corporate financial disclosures in the UK, 1920–50: the effects of legislative change and managerial discretion," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(1), pages 3-16.
    11. A.J. Arnold, 1998. "UK Accounting Disclosure Practices and Information Asymmetry During the First Quarter of the Twentieth Century: The Effects on Book Returns and Dividend Cover," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(7‐8), pages 775-794, September.
    12. A.J. Arnold, 1998. "UK Accounting Disclosure Practices and Information Asymmetry During the First Quarter of the Twentieth Century: The Effects on Book Returns and Dividend Cover," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(7&8), pages 775-794.
    13. Janette Rutterford, 2004. "From dividend yield to discounted cash flow: a history of UK and US equity valuation techniques," Accounting History Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(2), pages 115-149.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Knott, Samuel & Richardson, Peter & Rismanchi, Katie & Sen, Kallol, 2014. "Financial Stability Paper 31: Understanding the fair value of banks’ loans," Bank of England Financial Stability Papers 31, Bank of England.
    2. Mahdi Salehi & Bahman Jamalikazemini & Shayan Farhangdoust, 2018. "Board compensation and disclosure quality: Corporate governance interference," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 63(4), pages 39-40, Octubre-D.
    3. Nurfarahin M. Haridan & Ahmad F. S. Hassan & Yusuf Karbhari, 2018. "Governance, religious assurance and Islamic banks: Do Shariah boards effectively serve?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 22(4), pages 1015-1043, December.
    4. Mark Billings & Forrest Capie, 2011. "Financial crisis, contagion, and the British banking system between the world wars," Business History, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(2), pages 193-215.
    5. Heidhues, Eva & Patel, Chris, 2011. "A critique of Gray's framework on accounting values using Germany as a case study," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 273-287.
    6. Andrea Quintiliani, 2019. "Impact of Financial Transparency on SMEs’ Value," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 9(6), pages 1-15.
    7. Apergis, Emmanuel & Apergis, Iraklis & Apergis, Nicholas, 2019. "A new macro stress testing approach for financial realignment in the Eurozone," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 52-80.
    8. Bholat, David & Lastra, Rosa & Markose, Sheri & Miglionico, Andrea & Sen, Kallol, 2016. "Non-performing loans: regulatory and accounting treatments of assets," Bank of England working papers 594, Bank of England.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mark Billings & Forrest Capie, 2011. "Financial crisis, contagion, and the British banking system between the world wars," Business History, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(2), pages 193-215.
    2. Braggion, Fabio & Moore, Lyndon, 2013. "The Economic Benefits of Political Connections in Late Victorian Britain," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 73(1), pages 142-176, March.
    3. Fabio Braggion & Lyndon Moore, 2011. "Dividend Policies in an Unregulated Market: The London Stock Exchange, 1895--1905," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 24(9), pages 2935-2973.
    4. Turner, John D., 2024. "Three centuries of corporate governance in the UK," QUCEH Working Paper Series 24-01, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's University Centre for Economic History.
    5. Malcolm Anderson, 1999. "Accounting History Publications 1998," Accounting History Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(3), pages 375-384.
    6. Nicolae BALTE? & Alexandra-Gabriela-Maria DRAGOE, 2018. "Study Regarding The Assessment Of The Position And Financial Performance Of The Companies Through The Capital Market Indicators," Contemporary Economy Journal, Constantin Brancoveanu University, vol. 3(2), pages 5-13.
    7. Christopher Gandrud & Mark Hallerberg, 2015. "Does Banking Union Worsen the EU's Democratic Deficit? The Need for Greater Supervisory Data Transparency," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(4), pages 769-785, July.
    8. Wessel M. Badenhorst & Leon M. Brümmer & Johannes H.vH. de Wet, 2016. "Retracted: The Value‐relevance of Equity Accounted Carrying Amounts and Disclosed Fair Values of Listed Associates," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 26(2), pages 177-189, June.
    9. A. J. ARNOLD & S. McCARTNEY, 2011. "‘Veritable gold mines before the arrival of railway competition’: but did dividends signal rates of return in the English canal industry?," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 64(1), pages 214-236, February.
    10. Janette Rutterford, 2012. "Valuing Equities in the UK and the US: Fashions and Trends," Chapters, in: Geoffrey Poitras (ed.), Handbook of Research on Stock Market Globalization, chapter 4, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    11. Macher, Flora, 2018. "The Austrian banking crisis of 1931: one bad apple spoils the whole bunch," Economic History Working Papers 87151, London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Economic History.
    12. Cardi, Olivier & Restout, Romain, 2023. "Sectoral fiscal multipliers and technology in open economy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    13. Christopher Humphrey, 2008. "Auditing research: a review across the disciplinary divide," Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 21(2), pages 170-203, February.
    14. Leslie Hannah, 2004. "Concentration and Productivity: A Broader Perspective," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-305, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    15. Gulati, Rachita & Kattumuri, Ruth & Kumar, Sunil, 2020. "A non-parametric index of corporate governance in the banking industry: An application to Indian data," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    16. Rudiger Ahrend & Antoine Goujard, 2012. "International Capital Mobility and Financial Fragility - Part 3. How Do Structural Policies Affect Financial Crisis Risk?: Evidence from Past Crises Across OECD and Emerging Economies," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 966, OECD Publishing.
    17. Holden Chris & Lee Kelley & Fooks Gary Jonas & Wander Nathaniel, 2010. "The Impact of Regional Trade Integration on Firm Organization and Strategy: British American Tobacco in the Andean Pact," Business and Politics, De Gruyter, vol. 12(4), pages 1-32, December.
    18. Hervé Alexandre & François Guillemin & Catherine Refait-Alexandre, 2015. "Downgrades of sovereign credit ratings and impact on banks CDS spread: does disclosure by banks improve stability?," Post-Print hal-01622782, HAL.
    19. Valerio Antonelli & Raffaele D?Alessio & Emanuela Mattia Cafaro & Michele Bigoni, 2019. "The Pope and the Train: Financial Reporting Practices in the Railroad Companies of the Papal States (1846-1870)," CONTABILIT? E CULTURA AZIENDALE, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 0(2), pages 7-34.
    20. Bholat, David & Gray, Joanna, 2013. "Organizational form as a source of systemic risk," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 7, pages 1-35.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:accfor:v:33:y:2009:i:1:p:38-53. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/accounting-forum .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.