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Las transnacionales y la industria en los países en desarrollo

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  • Mortimore, Michael

Abstract

La construcción de un nuevo orden industrial internacional dominado por un núcleo de grandes empresas transnacionales por lo general dificulta la vida de la gran mayoría de los países en desarrollo que, por no estar en condiciones de competir eficazmente, enfrentan una marginalización todavía mayor. Hoy las empresas transnacionales pueden influir considerablemente en la competitividad internacional y, por lo tanto, en la índole de la incorporación de los países en desarrollo en el nuevo sistema productivo internacional en vías de integración. El país de origen y la forma que toman la inversión extranjera directa y la transferencia de tecnología determinan en gran medida los efectos de las empresas transnacionales en la industria del país huésped. La experiencia de algunos de los países recién industrializados de Asia indica que la inversión extranjera directa y la transferencia de tecnología desde Japón, que se da en forma de participaciones minoritarias en el capital u otro tipo de participaciones distintas del capital social en las empresas locales, ha sido un elemento muy importante para mejorar la competitividad internacional de esos países y la modernización tecnológica constante de sus industrias. La experiencia de América Latina -con inversión extranjera directa y tecnología estadounidenses de menor dinamismo que usualmente revistió la forma de subsidiarias o filiales con participación mayoritaria de capital extranjero- tendió a fortalecer los sesgos de la industrialización orientada hacia el interior mediante la sustitución de importaciones y contribuyó poco a mejorar la competitividad de la industria latinoamericana, que sufrió una consiguiente marginalización progresiva tanto desde una perspectiva internacional como empresarial.

Suggested Citation

  • Mortimore, Michael, 1993. "Las transnacionales y la industria en los países en desarrollo," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col070:11919
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    1. Kojima, Kiyoshi, 1975. "International Trade and Foreign Investment : Substitutes or Complements," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, June.
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