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Die Mietpreisbremse wirkt bisher nicht

Author

Listed:
  • Konstantin A. Kholodilin
  • Andreas Mense
  • Claus Michelsen

Abstract

On June 1, 2016, the much-discussed rental brake will have been in force for exactly one year. Since then, the rental brake has been implemented in 308 German cities. Prior fears that it would hamper urgently needed construction activity have not materialized, neither have hopes that the new regulations would allow low earners an improved access to the housing market. However, a purely descriptive analysis of the available data is not sufficient to properly assess the impact of rent regulations. Therefore, the present study examines how rents would have changed if no regulations had been in place and to what extent investors would have seen their expected earnings affected by the regulations. Housing rents and prices were analyzed by concentrating at the postal code districts, where the rental brake had been introduced, and the adjacent postal code districts, where the market remains unregulated. The findings of this differencein- differences approach suggest that the rental brake has not slowed the increase in rents. On the contrary, in the short term, it actually led to greater rent hikes in the regulated markets. Even investors seem to be of the opinion that the regulations will have no substantial effect in the future: the causal effects of the rental brake on the development of housing prices—as a reflection of future rental income—are relatively small. In order to provide a sustainable solution to the housing shortage, priority should be given to measures that stimulate an expansion of construction activity and make the housing supply more flexible. From a social policy point of view, a temporary rental brake can still be justified. It must, however, be structured in such a way that it does not restrict incentives for housing construction in the future. Am 1. Juni 2016 ist die viel diskutierte Mietpreisbremse ein Jahr in Kraft. Seither wurde sie in 308 Städten eingeführt. Die im Vorfeld geäußerten Befürchtungen, die dringend benötigte Bautätigkeit würde damit massiv ausgebremst, haben sich ebenso wenig bewahrheitet wie die Hoffnungen, die Neuregelung könne den Zugang von GeringverdienerInnen zum Wohnungsmarkt spürbar verbessern. Um die Wirkung der Mietregulierung zu beurteilen, reicht der alleinige Blick auf einzelne statistische Reihen allerdings nicht aus. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht deshalb, wie sich die Mieten verändert hätten, wenn keine Regulierung vorgenommen worden wäre und in welchem Umfang die Investoren ihre Ertragserwartungen durch die Regulierung beeinträchtigt sehen. Dazu werden Mieten und Wohnungspreise in benachbarten Postleitzahlbezirken analysiert, die sich darin unterscheiden, dass in einem Bezirk die Mietpreisbremse eingeführt wurde, während in dem anderen Bezirk der Markt unreguliert blieb. Die Ergebnisse dieses sogenannten Difference-in-Differences-Ansatzes legen nahe, dass die Mietpreisbremse den Anstieg der Mietpreise nicht entschleunigen konnte. Im Gegenteil: Sie hat kurzfristig sogar zu einem stärkeren Mietpreisanstieg in regulierten Märkten geführt. Auch scheinen Investoren der Auffassung zu sein, dass die Regulierung auch in Zukunft keine substanzielle Wirkung entfaltet: Die kausalen Effekte der Mietpreisbremse auf die Entwicklung der Wohnungspreise – als Reflektion zukünftiger Erträge aus der Vermietung – sind relativ gering. Um das Problem der Wohnungsknappheit nachhaltig zu lösen, sollten Maßnahmen im Vordergrund stehen, die eine Ausweitung der Bautätigkeit und eine Flexibilisierung des Wohnungsangebots ermöglichen. Aus sozialpolitischen Gesichtspunkten kann eine Mietpreisbremse temporär dennoch gerechtfertigt sein. Allerdings muss sie so gestaltet werden, dass sie die Anreize für den Wohnungsbau nicht beschneidet.

Suggested Citation

  • Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Andreas Mense & Claus Michelsen, 2016. "Die Mietpreisbremse wirkt bisher nicht," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 83(22), pages 491-499.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:83-22-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Klaus-Heiner Röhl & Christoph Schröder, 2017. "A Regional Perspective on Poverty – Findings and Recommendations for Action," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 70(14), pages 28-35, July.
    2. Breidenbach, Philipp & Eilers, Lea & Fries, Jan, 2019. "Rent control and rental prices: High expectations, high effectiveness?," Ruhr Economic Papers 804, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    3. Davies, Clementine, 2021. "Financialisation and rental housing: A case study of Berlin," IPE Working Papers 153/2021, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
    4. Lorenz Thomschke, 2019. "Über die Evaluierung der Mietpreisbremse [On the evaluation of the German rental price break]," Zeitschrift für Immobilienökonomie (German Journal of Real Estate Research), Springer;Gesellschaft für Immobilienwirtschaftliche Forschung e. V., vol. 5(1), pages 21-36, November.
    5. Kitzmann, Robert, 2018. "Zurück in die Zukunft!? Die Wiederkehr kommunaler Wohnungspolitik," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue 3/2018, pages 162-167.
    6. Niedermayer, Andras & Wang, Chengsi, 2018. "A search model of rental markets: Who should pay the commission?," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 214-235.
    7. Hinrichsen, Julius & Nitt-Drießelmann, Dörte & Wellenreuther, Claudia & Wolf, André, 2021. "Der Eigentumsbegriff in den Parteiprogrammen zur Bundestagswahl 2021: Eine ökonomische Analyse," HWWI Policy Papers 133, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI).
    8. Schwarzbauer, Wolfgang & Thomas, Tobias & Koch, Philipp, 2019. "Bezahlbaren Wohnraum erreichen: Ökonomische Überlegungen zur Wirksamkeit wohnungspolitischer Maßnahmen," Policy Notes 30, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
    9. Christian Beer & Karin Wagner, 2017. "Household's housing expenditure in Austria, Germany and Italy," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/17, pages 48-61.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Housing market; rent control; rental brake; Germany;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets
    • R38 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Government Policy
    • R52 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Land Use and Other Regulations

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