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Foreign Aid and United Nations Votes: A Comparative Study

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  • Wittkopf, Eugene R.

Abstract

This study examines in a comparative foreign policy framework the relationship between bilateral foreign aid allocations and pairwise voting agreements between developed and developing nations in the UN General Assembly. The foreign aid donors considered include the United States, the Soviet “bloc,” and the twelve other UN members of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee. Two different measures of aid allocations in two three-year periods (1962–1964 and 1965–1967) are correlated with two different measures of the percentage of agreements in the UN between each aid donor and its aid recipients, with both indices calculated on the basis of all roll calls taken in the 1963 and 1966 General Assemblies. In general, the results of the analysis were found to be consistent with the hypothesized positive association between aid and votes only in the case of the United States. For many of the remaining donors the association was found to be negative rather than positive, suggesting either that enemies are rewarded more than friends, or, alternatively, that there is little relationship of substantive interest between aid and votes for most donor countries. Even in the case of the U.S., however, which of the two variables should be considered a cause and which a consequence remains unresolved.

Suggested Citation

  • Wittkopf, Eugene R., 1973. "Foreign Aid and United Nations Votes: A Comparative Study," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 67(3), pages 868-888, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:cup:apsrev:v:67:y:1973:i:03:p:868-888_14
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    Cited by:

    1. Weck-Hannemann, Hannelore & Schneider, Friedrich, 1989. "Vergabe von bilateraler und multilateraler Entwicklungshilfe: Eine positive Analyse," Discussion Papers, Series II 89, University of Konstanz, Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 178 "Internationalization of the Economy".
    2. Pincin, Jared, 2012. "Foreign aid and political influence of the development assistance committee countries," MPRA Paper 39668, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Dreher, Axel & Jensen, Nathan M., 2013. "Country or leader? Political change and UN General Assembly voting," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 183-196.
    4. Dreher, Axel & Vreeland, James Raymond, 2011. "Buying votes and international organizations," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 123, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    5. Kafayat Amusa & Nara Monkam & Nicola Viegi, 2016. "The Political and Economic Dynamics of Foreign Aid: A Case Study of United States and Chinese Aid to Sub-Sahara Africa," Working Papers 201628, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    6. Dreher, Axel & Lang, Valentin & Rosendorff, B. Peter & Vreeland, James Raymond, 2018. "Buying Votes and International Organizations: The Dirty Work-Hypothesis," CEPR Discussion Papers 13290, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Axel Dreher & Jan-Egbert Sturm, 2012. "Do the IMF and the World Bank influence voting in the UN General Assembly?," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 151(1), pages 363-397, April.
    8. Ilyana Kuziemko & Eric Werker, 2006. "How Much Is a Seat on the Security Council Worth? Foreign Aid and Bribery at the United Nations," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 114(5), pages 905-930, October.
    9. Axel Dreher & Peter Nunnenkamp & Rainer Thiele, 2008. "Does US aid buy UN general assembly votes? A disaggregated analysis," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 136(1), pages 139-164, July.
    10. repec:got:cegedp:123 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Mark McGillivray, 2003. "Modelling Aid Allocation: Issues, Approaches And Results," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 28(1), pages 171-188, June.
    12. Weck-Hannemann, Hannelore & Schneider, Friedrich, 1988. "Determinants of foreign aid under alternative institutional arrangements," Discussion Papers, Series II 66, University of Konstanz, Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 178 "Internationalization of the Economy".
    13. Hannelore Weck-Hannemann, 1987. "Politisch-ökonomische Bestimmungsgründe der Vergabe von Entwicklungshilfe: Eine empirische Untersuchung für die Schweiz," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (SJES), Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics (SSES), vol. 123(IV), pages 501-529, December.
    14. Axel Dreher & Silvia Marchesi & James Raymond Vreeland, 2007. "The Politics of IMF Forecasts," KOF Working papers 07-176, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich.
    15. Niklas Potrafke, 2009. "Does government ideology influence political alignment with the U.S.? An empirical analysis of voting in the UN General Assembly," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 4(3), pages 245-268, September.
    16. Raphael Becker & Arye Hillman & Niklas Potrafke & Alexander Schwemmer, 2015. "The preoccupation of the United Nations with Israel: Evidence and theory," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 10(4), pages 413-437, December.
    17. Harrigan, Jane & Wang, Chengang, 2011. "A New Approach to the Allocation of Aid Among Developing Countries: Is the USA Different from the Rest?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(8), pages 1281-1293, August.
    18. Bernhard Boockmann & Axel Dreher, 2011. "Do human rights offenders oppose human rights resolutions in the United Nations?," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 146(3), pages 443-467, March.
    19. Axel Dreher & Jan-Egbert Sturm & James Raymond Vreeland, 2006. "Does Membership on the UN Security Council Influence IMF Decisions? Evidence from Panel Data," CESifo Working Paper Series 1808, CESifo.
    20. John A. Vasquez, 1976. "Toward a Unified Strategy for Peace Education," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 20(4), pages 707-728, December.
    21. Carla Martinez Machain, 2021. "Exporting Influence: U.S. Military Training as Soft Power," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 65(2-3), pages 313-341, February.
    22. Brian Blankenship & Renanah Miles Joyce, 2020. "Purchasing Power: US Overseas Defense Spending and Military Statecraft," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 64(2-3), pages 545-573, February.
    23. J Harrigan & C Wang, 2004. "A New Approach to the Allocation of Aid Among Developing Countries: Is the USA more Selfish than the Rest?," Economics Discussion Paper Series 0412, Economics, The University of Manchester.

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