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Las exportaciones en el escenario internacional ¿Una estrategia exportadora para Colombia?

Author

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  • Juan José Echavarría

Abstract

La estrategia de sustitución de importaciones que tantos adeptos ganó durante la década de los 50 y comienzos de los 60 ha caído en desgracia. Ella pretendía, en esencia, disminuir la dependencia de los países subdesarrollados con respecto a los desarrollados como reacción a la estructura de especialización colonialista y crear una industria nacional "naciente". La nueva "ortodoxia", auspiciada por los organismos internacionales, asocia todos los males típicos de los países de la periferia a tal estrategia, y aconseja, en cambio, lo que para ellos fue siempre obvio: un modelo en el cual las exportaciones juegan el papel motor del desarrollo, impulsando la demanda agregada en la economía, y generando las divisas necesarias para pagar importaciones y deuda externa contraída. Como ejemplos de lo que puede obtenerse con la estrategia exportadora se cita el caso de Taiwan, Singapur, Corea y Hong Kong, y en menor medida, el de algunos países latinoamericanos como Brasil y Colombia. Estos países han logrado, en efecto, impulsar las exportaciones en forma no imaginada quince anos atrás; y lo que es más significativo aún, las exportaciones de ciertos bienes intensivos en capital, con un nivel de sofisticación tecnológica bastante elevados, cuya producción y exportación se suponía reservada únicamente a los países del centro. El presente trabajo pretende caracterizar el desarrollo de las exportaciones a nivel mundial, estudiar los factores que explican su dinamismo, y encontrar cuáles de éstos han sido específicos al caso colombiano. Además, analiza las ventajas y desventajas de una estrategia orientada hacia el mercado internacional.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan José Echavarría, 1980. "Las exportaciones en el escenario internacional ¿Una estrategia exportadora para Colombia?," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 10(2), pages 159-186, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:014046
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bela Balassa, 1978. "Export incentives and export performance in developing countries: A comparative analysis," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 114(1), pages 24-61, March.
    2. De Vries, Barend A., 1977. "Exportaciones en el nuevo escenario internacional: el caso Latinoamericano," Sede de la CEPAL en Santiago (Estudios e Investigaciones) 32355, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    3. Helleiner, Gerald K, 1973. "Manufactured Exports from Less-Developed Countries and Multinational Firms," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 83(329), pages 21-47, March.
    4. Nayyar, Deepak, 1978. "Transnational Corporations and Manufactured Exports from Poor Countries," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 88(349), pages 59-84, March.
    5. De Vries, Barend A., 1977. "Las exportaciones en el nuevo escenario internacional: el caso de América Latina," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), June.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Coyuntura Económica Andina; Exportaciones; Promoción de las Exportaciones; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy

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