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Progreso tecnológico y desigualdades económicas: una aproximación empírica para Colombia (1974-2015)

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  • Segundo Abrahán Sanabria Gómez

Abstract

En la medida que las economías en desarrollo avanzan hacia la modernización, incorporan progresivamente las nuevas tecnologías en los procesos de producción. Sin embargo, la incorporación del progreso tecnológico no es homogénea entre las diferentes ramas de actividad económica; por lo tanto, sus ganancias en productividad se distribuyen desigualmente. Este artículo aporta elementos explicativos sobre la relación entre progreso tecnológico y heterogeneidad estructural. La pregunta que guía la investigación es: ¿de qué manera la heterogeneidad estructural induce asimetrías en el aprovechamiento del progreso tecnológico? Los resultados estadísticos y econométricos muestran que la incorporación del progreso tecnológico en la industria manufacturera colombiana se presenta de manera desigual, pues las ramas de actividad intensivas en uso del conocimiento tienen capacidades productivas diferentes a las que presenta la industria de bajo uso del conocimiento. Estas capacidades siguen patrones asociados a una intensidad factorial en favor del capital fijo, lo cual ofrece mejores posibilidades para incorporar nuevo conocimiento.

Suggested Citation

  • Segundo Abrahán Sanabria Gómez, 2022. "Progreso tecnológico y desigualdades económicas: una aproximación empírica para Colombia (1974-2015)," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, vol. 41(73), pages 85-112, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000152:020702
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    progreso tecnológico; cambio estructural; dinámica económica; productividad; desigualdad económica.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O19 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

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