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Second-Chance Alternatives and Maintained Inequality in Access to Higher Education in Israel

Author

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  • Eyal Bar-Haim

    (PEARL Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg)

  • Carmel Blank

    (Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Israel / School of Applied Social Sciences, Durham University, UK)

Abstract

Students are expected to obtain a matriculation diploma during their high school years. Throughout the world, it is considered as a precondition to gaining access to higher education. However, those who failed to meet this criterion can employ, in some cases, “second-chance” alternatives—either to obtain a diploma at an older age, or to enter specific academic programs that do not require one. The literature on second-chance alternatives tends to concentrate on these programs’ evaluation. It rarely addresses the overall effect of these programs on inequality of educational opportunities (IEO). The current study focuses on Israelis who failed to gain a matriculation diploma at their high school graduation and contemplate on the effects that ethnic differences between them play on their chances to enter higher education. Based on a new Panel survey (2012–2016), we found that Israelis from affluent ethnic backgrounds were able to increase their chances to access higher education using “second-chance alternatives”. Those from minority groups, most notably Arabs, were less likely to benefit from these alternatives. While originally aimed at improving higher education enrolment for people from disadvantaged backgrounds, these “second-chance alternatives” resulted in an increase of ethnic-based IEO. Considering the lower rates of Israelis who utilise them, we deduct that these programs “failed” to accomplish their original purpose. However, we argue that they merit further research since their understanding can benefit researchers and policy makers.

Suggested Citation

  • Eyal Bar-Haim & Carmel Blank, 2019. "Second-Chance Alternatives and Maintained Inequality in Access to Higher Education in Israel," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(1), pages 28-37.
    • Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v:7:y:2019:i:1:p:28-37
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eyal Bar-Haim & Louis Chauvel & Janet Gornick & Anne Hartung, 2022. "The Persistence of the Gender Earnings Gap: Cohort Trends and the Role of Education in Twelve Countries," LIS Working papers 737, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    2. Arbel, Yuval & Bar-El, Ronen & Tobol, Yossef, 2017. "Equal Opportunity through Higher Education: Theory and Evidence on Privilege and Ability," IZA Discussion Papers 10564, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Samuel R. Lucas, 2009. "Stratification Theory, Socioeconomic Background, and Educational Attainment," Rationality and Society, , vol. 21(4), pages 459-511, November.
    4. Haya Stier & Efrat Herzberg-Druker, 2017. "Running Ahead or Running in Place? Educational Expansion and Gender Inequality in the Labor Market," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 130(3), pages 1187-1206, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gorodzeisky, Anastasia & Feniger, Yariv & Ayalon, Hanna, 2023. "Child’s age at migration, high school course-taking and higher education," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    2. Gaële Goastellec & Jussi Välimaa, 2019. "Access to Higher Education: An Instrument for Fair Societies?," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(1), pages 1-6.
    3. Lissitsa, Sabina, 2021. "Effects of digital use on trust in political institutions among ethnic minority and hegemonic group – A case study," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).

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