Considerations Regarding The Resilience Capacity Of Romania’S Critical Infrastructures

The study analyzes the resilience capacity of Romania’s critical infrastructures in the context of intensified technological interdependencies, the evolution of the European regulatory framework, and the pressures generated by complex threats - cyber, operational, organizational, and societal. Based on a multidimensional approach, the research examines the four essential perspectives of critical infrastructure resilience (technological, operational, organizational-institutional, and societal), details the assessment mechanisms, and highlights the ways in which the European framework (CER, NIS2, DORA) influences national policies. The sectoral analysis - energy, IT&C, healthcare, financial-banking, and transport - reveals a non-uniform level of resilience maturity, shaped by differences in technological modernization, incident management capacity, governance quality, and the availability of specialized human resources. Although Romania has made significant progress in strengthening critical infrastructures, structural vulnerabilities, skills deficits, and interoperability limitations persist. The study emphasizes the need for an integrated national framework aligned with European standards, as well as the importance of strategic investments, institutional cooperation, and the development of a culture of resilience at the societal level. The results offer directions for improving public policies and for developing sustainable systemic resilience in Romania.