IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/rgscpp/v15y2023i3p606-625.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The two‐sided paradox of ageism during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The cases of Hungary, Tunisia and Uzbekistan

Author

Listed:
  • Éva Berde
  • Emese Kovács
  • Muyassar Kurbanova

Abstract

The consequences of ageing populations around the globe have necessitated policy changes that encourage people to stay in the labour force longer. Finding a job depends on two conditions: the willingness to work and employers' decisions. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic created special circumstances that negatively affected the perception of older workers. Older people were particularly vulnerable to the disease, which justified government action to protect them but at the same time provoked resentment among young people. We conducted an online questionnaire survey in July and August 2020 among the citizens of Hungary, Tunisia and Uzbekistan. Our research aimed to determine the general extent of ageism during the COVID pandemic. Respondents had to possess at least a college degree – i.e. be potentially suitable for the position of human resource manager. Despite the wealth of scientific literature and our own experience, the survey results revealed only low levels of ageism because of so‐called social desirability bias. Even so, the participants' responses reflected the characteristics of ageism in relation to their respective countries and living conditions. The small variations in the answers were also enough to provide useful information. Structural equation modelling was used to obtain results. Las consecuencias del envejecimiento de la población en todo el mundo han hecho necesarios los cambios políticos que animan a las personas a permanecer más tiempo en la población activa. Encontrar un empleo depende de dos condiciones: la voluntad de trabajar y las decisiones de los empresarios. Sin embargo, la pandemia de COVID‐19 creó circunstancias especiales que afectaron negativamente a la percepción de las personas mayores trabajadoras. Las personas mayores son especialmente vulnerables a la enfermedad, lo que justifica la actuación del gobierno para protegerlas, pero al mismo tiempo provoca el resentimiento de los jóvenes. En julio y agosto de 2020 se realizó una encuesta en línea entre los ciudadanos de Hungría, Túnez y Uzbekistán. Esta investigación pretendía determinar el alcance general de la discriminación por edad durante la pandemia de COVID. Los encuestados debían poseer al menos un título universitario, es decir, ser potencialmente aptos para el puesto de director de recursos humanos. A pesar de la abundante literatura científica y de la propia experiencia de los autores, los resultados de la encuesta sólo revelaron bajos niveles de discriminación por razón de edad debido al llamado sesgo de deseabilidad social. A pesar de ello, las respuestas de los participantes reflejaron las características de la discriminación por razón de edad en relación con sus respectivos países y condiciones de vida. Las pequeñas variaciones en las respuestas también fueron suficientes para proporcionar información útil. Para obtener los resultados se utilizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. 世界中の人口高齢化の影響により、人々がより長く労働を続けることを奨励する政策への転換が必要となった。仕事を得ることは、働く意欲と雇用主の判断という二つの条件に依存する。しかし、COVID‐19のパンデミックにより、高齢労働者の認識に悪影響を及ぼす特別な状況が生み出された。高齢者は特にこの病気に罹りやすく、政府が高齢者を保護するための行動を正当化すると同時に、若者の怒りを引き起こした。2020年の7月と8月にハンガリー、チュニジア、ウズベキスタンの市民を対象にオンラインアンケートを実施した。我々の研究は、COVIDのパンデミックにおける一般的な年齢差別の程度を決定することを目的とした。回答者は最低で大学の学位を持っている、すなわち、人事部の管理者に潜在的に適していることを条件とした。文献が多いこと著者らの経験にもかかわらず、調査結果は、いわゆる社会的望ましさのバイアスのために年齢差別の程度が低いことが明らかになった。それでも回答者の答えは、それぞれの国や生活環境との関連で、年齢差別の特徴を反映するものであった。回答の多様性が少ないことも十分に有用な情報であった。分析には構造方程式モデリングを使用した。

Suggested Citation

  • Éva Berde & Emese Kovács & Muyassar Kurbanova, 2023. "The two‐sided paradox of ageism during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The cases of Hungary, Tunisia and Uzbekistan," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(3), pages 606-625, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:606-625
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12564
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12564
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/rsp3.12564?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rigdon, Edward E., 2016. "Choosing PLS path modeling as analytical method in European management research: A realist perspective," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 598-605.
    2. Theo Dijkstra & Karin Schermelleh-Engel, 2014. "Consistent Partial Least Squares for Nonlinear Structural Equation Models," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 79(4), pages 585-604, October.
    3. Scott Radnitz, 2006. "Weighing the political and economic motivations for migration in post-soviet Space: The case of Uzbekistan," Europe-Asia Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(5), pages 653-677.
    4. Tenenhaus, Michel & Vinzi, Vincenzo Esposito & Chatelin, Yves-Marie & Lauro, Carlo, 2005. "PLS path modeling," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 159-205, January.
    5. Jarvis, Cheryl Burke & MacKenzie, Scott B & Podsakoff, Philip M, 2003. "A Critical Review of Construct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 30(2), pages 199-218, September.
    6. Sarstedt, Marko & Ringle, Christian M. & Smith, Donna & Reams, Russell & Hair, Joseph F., 2014. "Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): A useful tool for family business researchers," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 105-115.
    7. Liat Ayalon & Ella Cohn-Schwartz, 2021. "Measures of self- and other-directed ageism and worries concerning COVID-19 health consequences: Results from a nationally representative sample of Israelis over the age of 50," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-8, May.
    8. Sarstedt, Marko & Hair, Joseph F. & Ringle, Christian M. & Thiele, Kai O. & Gudergan, Siegfried P., 2016. "Estimation issues with PLS and CBSEM: Where the bias lies!," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 3998-4010.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Immacolata Di Napoli & Pasquale Dolce & Caterina Arcidiacono, 2019. "Community Trust: A Social Indicator Related to Community Engagement," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 145(2), pages 551-579, September.
    2. Christian Nitzl & Wynne W. Chin, 2017. "The case of partial least squares (PLS) path modeling in managerial accounting research," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 137-156, May.
    3. Jun-Hwa Cheah & Hiram Ting & T. Ramayah & Mumtaz Ali Memon & Tat-Huei Cham & Enrico Ciavolino, 2019. "A comparison of five reflective–formative estimation approaches: reconsideration and recommendations for tourism research," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 1421-1458, May.
    4. José Roberto Frega & Alex Antonio Ferraresi & Carlos Olavo Quandt & Claudimar Pereira da Veiga, 2018. "Relationships Among Knowledge Management, Organisational Innovativeness and Performance: Covariance-Based Versus Partial Least-Squares Structural Equation Modelling," Journal of Information & Knowledge Management (JIKM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 17(01), pages 1-19, March.
    5. Gyeongcheol Cho & Heungsun Hwang & Marko Sarstedt & Christian M. Ringle, 2020. "Cutoff criteria for overall model fit indexes in generalized structured component analysis," Journal of Marketing Analytics, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(4), pages 189-202, December.
    6. Daniel Ruiz-Palomo & Julio Diéguez-Soto & Antonio Duréndez & José António C. Santos, 2019. "Family Management and Firm Performance in Family SMEs: The Mediating Roles of Management Control Systems and Technological Innovation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-22, July.
    7. Sarstedt, Marko & Hair, Joseph F. & Ringle, Christian M. & Thiele, Kai O. & Gudergan, Siegfried P., 2016. "Estimation issues with PLS and CBSEM: Where the bias lies!," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 3998-4010.
    8. Schlägel, Christopher & Sarstedt, Marko, 2016. "Assessing the measurement invariance of the four-dimensional cultural intelligence scale across countries: A composite model approach," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 633-649.
    9. García-Granero, Eva M. & Piedra-Muñoz, Laura & Galdeano-Gómez, Emilio, 2020. "Measuring eco-innovation dimensions: The role of environmental corporate culture and commercial orientation," MPRA Paper 119909, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Jörg Henseler, 2018. "Partial least squares path modeling: Quo vadis?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 1-8, January.
    11. Joseph F. Hair & G. Tomas M. Hult & Christian M. Ringle & Marko Sarstedt & Kai Oliver Thiele, 2017. "Mirror, mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 45(5), pages 616-632, September.
    12. Zulfiqar Ali & Hongyi Sun & Murad Ali, 2017. "The Impact of Managerial and Adaptive Capabilities to Stimulate Organizational Innovation in SMEs: A Complementary PLS–SEM Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-23, November.
    13. Enrico Ciavolino & Massimo Aria & Jun-Hwa Cheah & José Luis Roldán, 2022. "A tale of PLS Structural Equation Modelling: Episode I— A Bibliometrix Citation Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 164(3), pages 1323-1348, December.
    14. Pasquale Sarnacchiaro & Ida Camminatiello & Luigi D’Ambra & Raffaela Palma, 2019. "How does public service motivation affect teacher self-reported performance in an education system? Evidence from an empirical analysis in Italy," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(5), pages 2521-2533, September.
    15. Rosanna Cataldo & Corrado Crocetta & Maria Gabriella Grassia & Natale Carlo Lauro & Marina Marino & Viktoriya Voytsekhovska, 2021. "Methodological PLS-PM Framework for SDGs System," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 156(2), pages 701-723, August.
    16. Hair, Joseph F. & Astrachan, Claudia Binz & Moisescu, Ovidiu I. & Radomir, Lăcrămioara & Sarstedt, Marko & Vaithilingam, Santha & Ringle, Christian M., 2021. "Executing and interpreting applications of PLS-SEM: Updates for family business researchers," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 12(3).
    17. J. Alfredo Flores‐Hernández & Jesús J. Cambra‐Fierro & Rosario Vázquez‐Carrasco, 2020. "Sustainability, brand image, reputation and financial value: Manager perceptions in an emerging economy context," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(4), pages 935-945, July.
    18. Elbaz, Ahmed Mohamed & Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine, 2017. "The role of wisdom leadership in increasing job performance: Evidence from the Egyptian tourism sector," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 66-76.
    19. Brusset, Xavier & Teller, Christoph, 2017. "Supply chain capabilities, risks, and resilience," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 59-68.
    20. Nicole F. Richter & Sven Hauff & Christian M. Ringle & Siegfried P. Gudergan, 2022. "The Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling and Complementary Methods in International Management Research," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 449-470, August.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:606-625. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1757-7802 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.