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Crisis in the Resurgent City? The Rise of Copenhagen

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  • HANS THOR ANDERSEN
  • LARS WINTHER

Abstract

Copenhagen today appears to be a resurgent city and city region. It came back to life in the mid‐1990s and, until recently, has shown marked growth in key variables such as jobs, income and inhabitants, primarily as a result of the rise and spatial dynamics of its service‐ and knowledge‐based economy. Its resurgence is also evident in the central municipalities that 20 years ago struggled with the repercussions of a long‐term urban crisis. Financially, the central city was almost doomed in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the city of Copenhagen was close to bankruptcy. Central‐city development was characterized by a set of eroding processes that included de‐industrialization, suburbanization, high unemployment rates, high welfare costs, an outdated housing market, strong segregation and various other factors. Copenhagen city and its city region have now been revitalized and today are a strong national centre of economic growth. Although one can catch glimpses of the crisis in key variables, urban turn remains strong; for instance, up to now, rising unemployment has been seen mainly outside the large urban areas in Denmark. However, the housing‐market bubble has burst and other signs of crisis have been appearing since as early as 2006. Nevertheless, the city is far removed from the gloomy days of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Résumé Copenhague apparaît aujourd'hui comme une ville et une région métropolitaine en résurgence. Après sa résurrection au milieu des années 1990, elle a affiché, jusqu'à dernièrement, des variables clés en nette croissance (dont emplois, revenus et habitants), principalement grâce à l'essor et à la dynamique spatiale de son économie fondée sur les services et le savoir. Sa résurgence se manifeste également dans les municipalités du centre qui luttaient vingt ans plus tôt contre les répercussions d'une longue crise urbaine. Sur le plan financier, le centre‐ville était quasiment condamnéà la fin des années 1980 et au début des années 1990, et la ville de Copenhague frôlait la faillite. L'aménagement du centre‐ville se caractérisait par un ensemble de mécanismes destructeurs comprenant désindustrialisation, mouvement de suburbanisation, taux de chômage importants, coûts sociaux élevés, marché du logement dépassé, forte ségrégation, ainsi que plusieurs autres facteurs. À présent, la ville de Copenhague et sa région métropolitaine ont repris vie et constituent un pôle national solide de croissance économique. Même si on peut entrevoir quelques incidences de la crise sur les variables clés, le revirement se maintient; par exemple, jusqu'à maintenant, l'augmentation du chômage se constate surtout hors des grandes zones urbaines danoises. Toutefois, la bulle du marché du logement a éclaté et d'autres signes de crise ont fait leur apparition dès 2006. Néanmoins, la ville est loin de la période sombre de la fin des années 1980 et du début des années 1990.

Suggested Citation

  • Hans Thor Andersen & Lars Winther, 2010. "Crisis in the Resurgent City? The Rise of Copenhagen," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(3), pages 693-700, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:34:y:2010:i:3:p:693-700
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00984.x
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    1. Michael Storper & Michael Manville, 2006. "Behaviour, Preferences and Cities: Urban Theory and Urban Resurgence," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(8), pages 1247-1274, July.
    2. Henrik Gutzon Larsen & Anders Lund Hansen, 2008. "Gentrification—Gentle or Traumatic? Urban Renewal Policies and Socioeconomic Transformations in Copenhagen," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(12), pages 2429-2448, November.
    3. Dominic Power, 2010. "Social Economy of the Metropolis: Cognitive-Cultural Capitalism and the Global Resurgence of Cities," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(1), pages 131-132.
    4. Lars Winther, 2001. "The Economic Geographies of Manufacturing in Greater Copenhagen: Space, Evolution and Process Variety," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 38(9), pages 1423-1443, August.
    5. Anders Lund Hansen & Hans Thor Andersen & Eric Clark, 2001. "Creative Copenhagen: Globalization, Urban Governance and Social Change," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(7), pages 851-869, October.
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    2. Alessandro Coppola & Alberto Vanolo, 2015. "Normalising autonomous spaces: Ongoing transformations in Christiania, Copenhagen," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(6), pages 1152-1168, May.
    3. Roger Keil, 2010. "Real Estate, the City and Place: The Crisis Unfolds," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(3), pages 647-651, September.
    4. Aleksandra Jadach-Sepioło & Maciej Zathey, 2021. "Alternative between Revitalisation of City Centres and the Rising Costs of Extensive Land Use from a Polish Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-31, May.
    5. Stan Majoor, 2014. "Ørestad: Copenhagen's radical new town project in transition," Planning Theory & Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(3), pages 432-438, September.
    6. Anders Blok, 2020. "Urban green gentrification in an unequal world of climate change," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(14), pages 2803-2816, November.
    7. Christian Fertner, 2013. "The Emergence and Consolidation of the Urban-Rural Region: Migration Patterns around Copenhagen 1986–2011," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 104(3), pages 322-337, July.

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