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Poverty Concentration and Determinants in China's Urban Low‐income Neighbourhoods and Social Groups

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  • SHENJING HE
  • FULONG WU
  • CHRIS WEBSTER
  • YUTING LIU

Abstract

Based on a large‐scale household survey conducted in 2007, this article reports on poverty concentration and determinants in China's low‐income neighbourhoods and social groups. Three types of neighbourhood are recognized: dilapidated inner‐city neighbourhoods, declining workers' villages and urban villages. Respondents are grouped into four categories: working, laid‐off/unemployed and retired urban residents, together with rural migrants. We first measure poverty concentration across different types of neighbourhood and different groups. The highest concentrations are found in dilapidated inner‐city neighbourhoods and among the laid‐off/unemployed. Mismatches are found between actual hardships, sense of deprivation and distribution of social welfare provision. Second, we examine poverty determinants. Variations in institutional protection and market remuneration are becoming equally important in predicting poverty generation, but are differently associated with it in the different neighbourhoods and groups. As China's urban economy is increasingly shaped by markets, the mechanism of market remuneration is becoming a more important determinant of poverty patterns, especially for people who are excluded from state institutions, notably laid‐off workers and rural migrants. Résumé En s'appuyant sur une vaste enquête menée en 2007 auprès de ménages chinois, cet article décrit la concentration de la pauvreté et ses déterminants dans les groupes sociaux et les quartiers à faible revenu. Il identifie trois types de quartier: quartiers vétustes des centres‐villes, villages ouvriers en déclin et villages urbains. Les personnes interrogées sont regroupées en quatre catégories: résidents urbains actifs, chômeurs ou sans‐emplois, et retraités, ainsi que migrants ruraux. D'abord, la concentration de la pauvreté est mesurée dans différents types de quartier et différents groupes. Les niveaux les plus élevés se trouvent dans les quartiers vétustes des centres‐villes et chez les chômeurs ou sans‐emplois. Il apparaît des inadéquations entre la réalité des difficultés vécues, la perception des privations, et la répartition des prestations d'aide sociale. Ensuite, les déterminants de la pauvreté sont étudiés. Les variations dans la protection institutionnelle et les rémunérations issues du marché deviennent tout aussi importantes pour prévoir la génération de la pauvreté, mais elles s'y associent de façon différente selon les quartiers et les groupes. Comme l'économie urbaine chinoise est de plus en plus façonnée par les marchés, le mécanisme de rémunération en fonction du marché prend davantage d'importance parmi les déterminants des modèles de pauvreté, notamment pour les exclus des institutions de l'État, en particulier les ouvriers licenciés et les migrants ruraux.

Suggested Citation

  • Shenjing He & Fulong Wu & Chris Webster & Yuting Liu, 2010. "Poverty Concentration and Determinants in China's Urban Low‐income Neighbourhoods and Social Groups," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(2), pages 328-349, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:34:y:2010:i:2:p:328-349
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00907.x
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    1. Lin Ye, 2011. "Urban regeneration in China: Policy, development, and issues," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 26(5), pages 337-347, August.
    2. Lei Zhou & Feng Zhen & Yiqing Wang & Liyang Xiong, 2019. "Modeling the Spatial Formation Mechanism of Poverty-Stricken Counties in China by Using Geographical Detector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-20, August.
    3. Cheng, Zhiming & Smyth, Russell, 2015. "Crime victimization, neighborhood safety and happiness in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 424-435.
    4. Webster, Chris & Wu, Fulong & Zhang, Fangzhu & Sarkar, Chinmoy, 2016. "Informality, property rights, and poverty in China’s “favelas”," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 461-476.

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