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Avocado Production: Water Footprint and Socio‐economic Implications

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  • Ruben Sommaruga
  • Honor May Eldridge

Abstract

The market for avocados is among the fastest expanding markets worldwide, and consumption, particularly in North America and Europe, has increased during recent decades due largely to a combination of socio‐economic and marketing factors. Avocado production, however, is associated with significant water conflicts, stresses and hot spots, as well as with other negative environmental and socio‐economic impacts on local communities in the main production zones. In considering near‐future climatic change in tropical and subtropical areas where avocados are produced, an urgent road map is needed to avoid and mitigate negative effects of avocado production. This road map needs to bring authorities and policymakers together with large and small producers from areas with present and projected future water scarcity to evaluate the critical capacity and optimal levels of avocado production. The EU as one of the most important markets for this fruit could facilitate and support such a road map and at the same time critically promote imports from countries and regions where current and future severe water risk are not further threatened. Finally, consumer behaviour can contribute to minimising negative effects by making a conscious effort to engage in ethical consumption and environmental conservation, contributing to the sustainability of communities in producing areas. Le marché de l'avocat est l'un des marchés à la croissance la plus rapide au monde. En effet, la consommation a augmenté au cours des dernières décennies, en particulier en Amérique du Nord et en Europe, en grande partie en raison d'une combinaison de facteurs socio‐économiques et de marketing. Or la production d'avocat est associée à d'importants conflits, stress et points chauds en termes d'utilisation de l'eau, ainsi qu’à d'autres impacts environnementaux et socio‐économiques négatifs sur les communautés locales dans les principales zones de production. En considérant le changement climatique proche dans les zones tropicales et subtropicales où les avocats sont produits, une feuille de route urgente est nécessaire pour éviter et atténuer les effets négatifs de la production d'avocat. Cette feuille de route doit rassembler les autorités et les décideurs politiques ainsi que les petits et grands producteurs des régions marquées par une pénurie en eau qui se poursuivra selon les projections, afin d’évaluer la capacité critique et les niveaux optimaux de production d'avocat. Étant l'un des marchés les plus importants pour ce fruit, l'Union européenne pourrait faciliter et soutenir une telle feuille de route et en même temps promouvoir de manière critique les importations en provenance de pays et de régions où les risques hydriques graves actuels et futurs ne sont plus une menace. Enfin, le comportement des consommateurs peut contribuer à minimiser les effets négatifs en faisant un effort conscient pour s'engager dans une consommation éthique et la conservation de l'environnement, contribuant ainsi à la durabilité des communautés dans les zones de production. Der Avocadomarkt gehört zu den am schnellsten wachsenden Märkten weltweit. Der Verbrauch, insbesondere in Nordamerika und Europa, hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten vor allem aufgrund einer Kombination aus sozioökonomischen und marketingbezogenen Faktoren zugenommen. Die Avocadoproduktion ist jedoch mit erheblichen Wasserkonflikten, Belastungen und Krisenherden verbunden sowie mit anderen negativen umweltbezogenen und sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen auf die lokale Bevölkerung in den Hauptanbaugebieten. Angesichts des bevorstehenden Klimawandels in den tropischen und subtropischen Anbaugebieten wird ein Aktionsplan dringend benötigt, um die negativen Auswirkungen der Avocadoproduktion zu vermeiden und abzuschwächen. Dieser Aktionsplan muss Behörden und politische Entscheidungstragende mit großen und kleinen Anbaubetrieben aus den Gebieten mit gegenwärtiger und prognostizierter Wasserknappheit zusammenbringen, um die kritische Größe und das optimale Niveau der Avocadoproduktion zu bewerten. Die EU als einer der wichtigsten Märkte für diese Frucht könnte einen solchen Aktionsplan ermöglichen und unterstützen. Gleichzeitig könnte sie Importe aus Ländern und Regionen fördern, in denen gegenwärtig und zukünftig keine Wasserrisiken befürchtet werden. Schließlich kann auch das Verhalten der Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher dazu beitragen, die negativen Auswirkungen zu verringern. Dafür müssten sie sich bewusst um ethischen Konsum und Umweltschutz bemühen, um so zur Nachhaltigkeit der Gemeinden in den Anbaugebieten beizutragen.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruben Sommaruga & Honor May Eldridge, 2021. "Avocado Production: Water Footprint and Socio‐economic Implications," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(2), pages 48-53, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:20:y:2021:i:2:p:48-53
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12289
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