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Telling Stories – Farmers Offer New Insights into Farming Resilience

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  • Phillipa Nicholas‐Davies
  • Susan Fowler
  • Peter Midmore

Abstract

We explore elements of resilience on East Anglian farms through analysis of nine farmers’ life stories. Using a largely unprompted narrative approach, narrators had freedom to structure their own personal accounts, and later to review our initial interpretations. Transcriptions were organised in timelines, themes were identified, and causes and effects of major farm turning points distinguished. We find that internal drivers such as intergenerational transition, health and family relationships, from the narrators’ viewpoint, were cited as producing more change than external pressures such as price volatility or production variation. Robust and especially adaptation responses are prevalent in the stories, transformations are neither particularly radical nor innovative, but widespread piecemeal change through time can accumulate to enhance resilience. Four farmers identified more as businesspeople, with blurred boundaries between their farming and other commercial interests. Farming succession, with occasional conflict and new problems arising from extended working lives, prompts most change. Insights can arise as much from what is unsaid in these stories, and self‐explanation to outsiders can have cathartic effects. This narrative and analysis approach challenges preconceptions and can reframe theoretical perspectives and suggest approaches for policy reform. The focus was on existing farms with some resilience, further work should explore why former farmers were not resilient. Narrative analysis in other European countries showed important similarities in differing system contexts, but also divergences in the overall character of the life‐stories. Nous explorons les composantes de la résilience dans les exploitations agricoles d'Angleterre de l'est en analysant les parcours de neuf agriculteurs. En utilisant une approche narrative assez libre, les narrateurs avaient la liberté de structurer leurs propres récits personnels, et plus tard de revoir nos interprétations initiales. Les transcriptions ont été organisées selon des échéanciers, des thèmes ont été identifiés et les causes et les effets des principaux tournants charnières pour l'exploitation ont été distingués. Nous constatons que, du point de vue des narrateurs, les facteurs internes tels que la transition intergénérationnelle, la santé et les relations familiales ont été cités comme provoquant davantage de changement que les pressions externes telles que la volatilité des prix ou les variations de la production. Les réponses en matière de robustesse et surtout d'adaptation sont répandues dans les récits. Les transformations ne sont ni particulièrement radicales ni innovantes, mais des changements fragmentaires généralisés au fil du temps peuvent s'accumuler pour améliorer la résilience. Quatre agriculteurs se sont davantage identifiés comme des hommes d'affaires, avec des frontières floues entre leur activité agricole et d'autres intérêts commerciaux. La succession agricole, avec des conflits occasionnels et de nouveaux problèmes résultant du prolongement de la vie professionnelle, explique la plupart des changements. Les enseignements peuvent provenir autant de ce qui n'est pas dit dans ces récits, et l'auto‐explication aux étrangers peut avoir des effets cathartiques. Cette approche narrative et analytique remet en question les idées préconçues et peut recadrer les perspectives théoriques et suggérer des approches de réforme des politiques. L'accent était mis sur les exploitations existantes ayant une certaine résilience, des travaux supplémentaires devraient explorer pourquoi ceux qui ont quitté le secteur n’étaient pas résilients. L'analyse narrative dans d'autres pays européens a montré des similitudes importantes dans les différents contextes du système, mais aussi des divergences dans le caractère global des parcours. Mittels einer Analyse von Lebensgeschichten von neun Landwirtinnen und Landwirten untersuchen wir Aspekte der Resilienz auf landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben in Ostanglien. Unter Verwendung eines weitgehend spontanen erzählerischen Ansatzes erhielten die Befragten die Möglichkeit, ihre persönlichen Berichte frei zu strukturieren und zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt unsere ersten Interpretationen zu überprüfen. Die Transkriptionen wurden in Zeitlinien geordnet und bestimmte Themen wurden identifiziert. Darüber hinaus wurden die Ursachen für und die Auswirkungen von wichtigen Wendepunkten in der Betriebsführung herausgearbeitet. Wir stellen fest, dass interne Gründe wie Generationenwechsel, Gesundheit und Familienbeziehungen aus Sicht Befragten als Faktoren genannt wurden, die mehr Veränderungen bewirken als externe Einflüsse wie Preis‐ oder Produktionsschwankungen. In den Geschichten herrschen starke und vor allem Anpassungsreaktionen vor. Die berichteten Veränderungen sind weder besonders radikal noch innovativ, aber im Laufe der Zeit können sich zahlreiche punktuelle Veränderungen vollziehen, welche die Resilienz des Betriebs erhöhen. Vier Befragte wurden eher als Geschäftsleute identifiziert, wobei die Grenzen zwischen ihren landwirtschaftlichen und ihren anderen wirtschaftlichen Interessen verschwimmen. Die Betriebsnachfolge, die gelegentlich mit Konflikten und neuen Problemen verbunden sein kann, welche sich aus einem verlängerten Arbeitsleben ergeben, führt zu den häufigsten Veränderungen. Aus dem, was in diesen Geschichten ungesagt bleibt, können Erkenntnisse entstehen, und Außenstehenden über sich selbst Auskunft zu erteilen kann befreiend wirken. Der eingesetzte narrative und analytische Ansatz stellt Vorurteile in Frage und ermöglicht es, theoretische Perspektiven neu zu formulieren und Ansätze für politische Reformen vorzuschlagen. Der Schwerpunkt unserer Untersuchung lag auf bestehenden landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben mit einem gewissen Grad an Resilienz. Weiterführende Arbeiten sollten untersuchen, aus welchen Gründen ehemalige Landwirtinnen und Landwirte nicht resilient waren. Die narrative Analyse in anderen europäischen Ländern hat wichtige Ähnlichkeiten in unterschiedlichen Systemkontexten aufgezeigt, aber auch Unterschiede im Gesamtcharakter der Lebensgeschichten.

Suggested Citation

  • Phillipa Nicholas‐Davies & Susan Fowler & Peter Midmore, 2020. "Telling Stories – Farmers Offer New Insights into Farming Resilience," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(2), pages 12-17, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:19:y:2020:i:2:p:12-17
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12279
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    1. Meuwissen, Miranda P.M. & Feindt, Peter H. & Spiegel, Alisa & Termeer, Catrien J.A.M. & Mathijs, Erik & de Mey, Yann & Finger, Robert & Balmann, Alfons & Wauters, Erwin & Urquhart, Julie & Vigani, Mau, 2019. "A framework to assess the resilience of farming systems," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 176, pages 1-10.
    2. Maxwell, Simon, 1986. "Farming systems research: Hitting a moving target," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 65-77, January.
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    1. Ika Darnhofer, 2021. "Farming Resilience: From Maintaining States towards Shaping Transformative Change Processes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, March.

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