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Determinants of the components of bid‐ask spreads on stocks

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  • Sung‐Hun Kim
  • Joseph P. Ogden

Abstract

In this paper we show that George et al. (GKN, 1991) estimators of the adverse selection and order processing cost components of the bid‐ask spread are biased due to intertemporal variations in the bid‐ask spread. We use alternative estimators that correct this bias and that are applicable to individual securities, and estimate these cost components empirically using data on NYSE/AMEX stocks. As expected, our results indicate that on average adverse selection costs account for approximately 50% of the bid‐ask spread, sharply higher than the estimates of 8‐10% obtained by GKN for NASDAQ stocks and 21% that we obtain for NYSE/AMEX stocks using GKN's estimators. We then conduct cross‐sectional regressions designed primarily to determine whether adverse selection costs vary across specialists after controlling for firm size and other factors. Consistent with previously established hypotheses, we find that adverse‐selection costs vary across specialists, and that this variation is related to the number of securities that the specialist handles.

Suggested Citation

  • Sung‐Hun Kim & Joseph P. Ogden, 1996. "Determinants of the components of bid‐ask spreads on stocks," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 2(1), pages 127-145, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:eufman:v:2:y:1996:i:1:p:127-145
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-036X.1996.tb00032.x
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    3. Timotheos Angelidis & Alexandros Benos, 2009. "The Components of the Bid‐Ask Spread: the Case of the Athens Stock Exchange," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 15(1), pages 112-144, January.
    4. Chiu, Junmao & Tsai, Kunchi, 2017. "Government interventions and equity liquidity in the sub-prime crisis period: Evidence from the ETF market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 128-142.
    5. Chiu, Junmao & Chung, Huimin & Ho, Keng-Yu & Wang, George H.K., 2012. "Funding liquidity and equity liquidity in the subprime crisis period: Evidence from the ETF market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2660-2671.
    6. Bart Frijns & Aaron Gilbert & Alireza Tourani‐Rad, 2008. "Insider Trading, Regulation, And The Components Of The Bid–Ask Spread," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 31(3), pages 225-246, September.
    7. Aritra Pan & Arun Kumar Misra & David McMillan, 2021. "A comprehensive study on bid-ask spread and its determinants in India," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 1898735-189, January.
    8. M. Lambert & G. Hübner & P.-A. Michel & H. Olivier, 2006. "International Financial Reporting Standards and Market Efficiency: A European Perspective," LSF Research Working Paper Series 06-04, Luxembourg School of Finance, University of Luxembourg.
    9. Pascual, Roberto & Escribano, Álvaro & Tapia, Mikel, 1999. "How does liquidity behave? A multidimensional analysis of NYSE stocks," DEE - Working Papers. Business Economics. WB 6433, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía de la Empresa.
    10. Aritra Pan & Arun Kumar Misra, 2022. "Assessment of Asymmetric Information Cost in Indian Stock Market: A Sectoral Approach," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 23(2), pages 512-535, April.
    11. Malay Dey & B. Radhakrishna, 2015. "Informed trading, institutional trading, and spread," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 39(2), pages 288-307, April.
    12. Nabil Khoury & Stylianos Perrakis & Marko Savor, 2010. "PIP Transactions, Price Improvement, Informed Trades and Order Execution Quality," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 16(2), pages 211-228, March.

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