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Sustainable Development Goals and bank profitability: International evidence

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  • Peterson K. Ozili

Abstract

This article explores the impact of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals on bank profitability. The study considers multiple indicators of Sustainable Development Goals and bank profitability across 28 countries. The findings demonstrate that achieving specific Sustainable Development Goals leads to a significant improvement in bank profitability. More specifically, achieving good health and well-being leads to an increase in bank non-interest income. Providing clean water and sanitation for all also increases bank return on assets. On the other hand, taking strong action to combat climate change results in decreased bank return on assets. Additionally, attaining quality education and promoting affordable and clean energy sources lead to an increase in bank return on equity. The regional findings indicate that achieving the Sustainable Development Goals has varying impacts on bank profitability measures across banks in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • Peterson K. Ozili, 2023. "Sustainable Development Goals and bank profitability: International evidence," Modern Finance, Modern Finance Institute, vol. 1(1), pages 70-92.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdy:modfin:v:1:y:2023:i:1:p:70-92:id:44
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    1. M. López & Arminda Garcia & Lazaro Rodriguez, 2007. "Sustainable Development and Corporate Performance: A Study Based on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 75(3), pages 285-300, October.
    2. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Yang, Shih-Jui & Chang, Chi-Hung, 2014. "Non-interest income, profitability, and risk in banking industry: A cross-country analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 48-67.
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    1. Nasim, Asma & Chen, Xihui Haviour & al Najjar, Basil & Hoang, Yen Hai, 2025. "The financial sector's response to environmental policy stringency: Comparative analysis of developed and developing economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    2. Maria Carmen Huian & Mihaela Curea & Marilena Mironiuc, 2025. "Sustainability Reporting and Credit Risk Management in the Romanian Banking Landscape," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 27(70), pages 1011-1011, August.
    3. Boglarka Bianka Kovacs & Gábor Neszveda & Eszter Baranyai & Adam Zaremba, 2024. "ESG unpacked: Environmental, social, and governance pillars and the stock price reaction to the invasion of Ukraine," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 14(3), pages 755-777, September.

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