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Strategic Determinants of Military Effectiveness in Fragile States: The Case of Somalia

Author

Listed:
  • Mohamed ali Barise

    (National Defence University-Kenya)

  • Mugah Michael Sitawa

    (National Defence University-Kenya)

  • Col Charles Imbiakha

    (National Defence University-Kenya)

Abstract

The military efficacy in fragile nations is influenced by a confluence of strategic, institutional, and contextual factors that affect the capacity of armed forces to maintain stability and fulfil national security goals. Somalia's prolonged war, fragile governmental frameworks, and foreign involvement have posed significant obstacles to the establishment of a competent military. This article analyses how elements like as leadership, resource mobilisation, training and professionalism, institutional coherence, and the influence of foreign relationships affect the performance of Somali National Army. It underscores the influence of political instability, clan dynamics, and tenuous governance on military operations and strategic planning. The article examines how Somalia's dependence on foreign entities, notably the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia and international donors, has influenced its military capabilities and strategic goals. Research reveals that while external funding has improved capabilities in logistics, training, and equipment supply, excessive reliance on foreign aid jeopardises long-term sustainability and independence. The paper asserts that enhancing Somalia's military efficacy requires a comprehensive approach that incorporates political stability, institutional changes, and capacity-building programs suited to the nation's precarious circumstances. Key Words: Military effectiveness, leadership, resource mobilization, training and professionalism, and performance of the Somali National Army

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed ali Barise & Mugah Michael Sitawa & Col Charles Imbiakha, 2025. "Strategic Determinants of Military Effectiveness in Fragile States: The Case of Somalia," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(9), pages 5613-5625, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-9:p:5613-5625
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ken Menkhaus, 2003. "State collapse in Somalia: second thoughts," Review of African Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(97), pages 405-422, September.
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