IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v9y2025issue-8p5209-5219.html

Effect of Vegetation on Outdoor and Indoor Temperatures of Some Households in Benin City, Nigeria

Author

Listed:
  • Tashok, Y. H.

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.)

  • Aigbiremolen, A.

    (Department of Community Medicine, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria.)

  • Ufuah, E.

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.)

  • Afogbon E

    (Department of Strategic Space Application, National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Abuja, Nigeria)

Abstract

The absence of vegetation on building site leads to increase in outdoor and indoor temperatures of buildings. This study therefore assessed the effect of vegetation on the microclimate of buildings in five zones of Benin City in Edo State, Nigeria. The objective is to identify building sites with vegetation and building sites without vegetation and measure their outdoor and indoor temperatures. 550 questionnaires were administered across the five zones in the study area, 489 completed and retrieved, giving a completion rate of approximately 89% success from the field survey. The findings of this study shows that there was a significant relationship between outdoor and indoor temperatures and presence of vegetation on building site in the study area. Nonetheless, there was no significant relationship between outdoor temperature and presence of vegetation on some building sites; the effect of evaporative cooling is not significant in some of these sites having both vegetation and concrete ground covers. This could be as a result of diffusion of cool air and hot air on these sites with both vegetative and concrete pavements ground cover. It is recommended that landscape element like trees and shrubs be planted along the concrete pavements to shade them from direct sunlight. The study also recommends that, building development approval be given only for proposed designed building’s site plans that integrate vegetation, while compliance should be monitored by respective government agency during building development stage, and existing sites without vegetation, owners, should be encouraged to plan vegetation around their buildings.

Suggested Citation

  • Tashok, Y. H. & Aigbiremolen, A. & Ufuah, E. & Afogbon E, 2025. "Effect of Vegetation on Outdoor and Indoor Temperatures of Some Households in Benin City, Nigeria," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(8), pages 5209-5219, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-8:p:5209-5219
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-9-issue-8/5209-5219.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/effect-of-vegetation-on-outdoor-and-indoor-temperatures-of-some-households-in-benin-city-nigeria/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jos W. R. Twisk, 2021. "Sample Size Calculations," Springer Books, in: Analysis of Data from Randomized Controlled Trials, chapter 0, pages 151-155, Springer.
    2. Marc Helbling & Daniel Meierrieks, 2023. "Global warming and urbanization," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 36(3), pages 1187-1223, July.
    3. Kumar Biswajit Debnath & Xinfang Wang & Toby Peters & Sanskriti Menon & Satish Awate & Gaurang Patwardhan & Navneet Wadkar & Mahesh Patankar & Priyanka Shendage, 2021. "Rural Cooling Needs Assessment towards Designing Community Cooling Hubs: Case Studies from Maharashtra, India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, May.
    4. Iwaro, Joseph & Mwasha, Abraham, 2010. "A review of building energy regulation and policy for energy conservation in developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(12), pages 7744-7755, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ingrid Allard & Thomas Olofsson & Gireesh Nair, 2017. "Energy Performance Indicators in the Swedish Building Procurement Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-23, October.
    2. Drago, Carlo & Gatto, Andrea, 2022. "Policy, regulation effectiveness, and sustainability in the energy sector: A worldwide interval-based composite indicator," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    3. James A. Gana & Thomas Hoppe, 2017. "Assessment of the Governance System Regarding Adoption of Energy Efficient Appliances by Households in Nigeria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-21, January.
    4. Marc Helbling & Diego Rybski & Jacob Schewe & Stefan Siedentop & Manon Glockmann & Bastian Heider & Bryan Jones & Daniel Meierrieks & Albano Rikani & Peter Stroms, 2023. "Measuring the effect of climate change on migration flows: Limitations of existing data and analytical frameworks," PLOS Climate, Public Library of Science, vol. 2(1), pages 1-10, January.
    5. Michelsen, Claus & Rosenschon, Sebastian & Schulz, Christian, 2015. "Small might be beautiful, but bigger performs better: Scale economies in “green” refurbishments of apartment housing," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 240-250.
    6. Pusat, Saban & Ekmekçi, İsmail & Akkoyunlu, Mustafa Tahir, 2015. "Generation of typical meteorological year for different climates of Turkey," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 144-151.
    7. Xu, Luyi & Liu, Junjie & Pei, Jingjing & Han, Xu, 2013. "Building energy saving potential in Hot Summer and Cold Winter (HSCW) Zone, China—Influence of building energy efficiency standards and implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 253-262.
    8. U. G. D. Madushika & Thanuja Ramachandra & Gayani Karunasena & P. A. D. S. Udakara, 2023. "Energy Retrofitting Technologies of Buildings: A Review-Based Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-16, June.
    9. Seyedmohammadreza Heibati & Wahid Maref & Hamed H. Saber, 2019. "Assessing the Energy and Indoor Air Quality Performance for a Three-Story Building Using an Integrated Model, Part One: The Need for Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-18, December.
    10. Csomós, György & Szalai, Ádám & Farkas, Jenő Zsolt, 2024. "A sacrifice for the greater good? On the main drivers of excessive land take and land use change in Hungary," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    11. Sumin Kim & Benson Teck Heng Lim & Bee Lan Oo, 2022. "Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions of Mandatory Green Certified Offices in Australia: Evidence and Lessons Learnt across 2011–2020," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, October.
    12. Felipe Encinas & Carlos Marmolejo & Carlos Aguirre & Nicolás Izquierdo & Javiera Díaz, 2017. "Mercado inmobiliario y construcción sustentable: regulaciones, incentivos y percepción de los consumidores en Brasil y Chile," LARES lares_2017_paper_82, Latin American Real Estate Society (LARES).
    13. Christopher Charles Seeley & Shobhakar Dhakal, 2021. "Energy Efficiency Retrofits in Commercial Buildings: An Environmental, Financial, and Technical Analysis of Case Studies in Thailand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, April.
    14. Habib M. Alshuwaikhat & Ismaila R. Abubakar & Yusuf A. Aina & Yusuf A. Adenle & Muhammad Umair, 2017. "The Development of a GIS-Based Model for Campus Environmental Sustainability Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-23, March.
    15. Ahmed Farouk Kineber & Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke & Mohammed Magdy Hamed & Ehab Farouk Rached & Ali Elmansoury, 2023. "Modeling the Impact of Overcoming the Green Walls Implementation Barriers on Sustainable Building Projects: A Novel Mathematical Partial Least Squares—SEM Method," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-21, January.
    16. Claus Michelsen & Sebastian Rosenschon, 2012. "The Effects of Building Energy Codes in Rental Housing: The German Experience," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 32(4), pages 3488-3502.
    17. Hori, Shiro & Shinozaki, Mami & Nogata, Daisuke & Fujita, Toshiyuki, 2014. "The role of CSR in promoting companies’ energy-saving actions in two Asian cities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 116-121.
    18. Gruber, J.K. & Huerta, F. & Matatagui, P. & Prodanović, M., 2015. "Advanced building energy management based on a two-stage receding horizon optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 194-205.
    19. Pan, Wei & Garmston, Helen, 2012. "Compliance with building energy regulations for new-build dwellings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 11-22.
    20. Wang, Tao & Seo, Seongwon & Liao, Pin-Chao & Fang, Dongping, 2016. "GHG emission reduction performance of state-of-the-art green buildings: Review of two case studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 484-493.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-8:p:5209-5219. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.