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4p’s Program and the Academic Performance of Beneficiaries and Non-Beneficiaries Elementary Pupils in Cabulisan Elementary School, Inopacan District

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  • Dr. Ernel Saligumba Merano

    (Arnhem Early Learning Centre and PGE Conssultancy and Learning Center LLC, Australia)

Abstract

This study examined the impact of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) on the academic performance and class attendance of pupils at Cabulisan Elementary School, Inopacan, Leyte. Using a quantitative-comparative approach, the study analyzed academic records and attendance data of 68 4Ps beneficiaries and 63 non-beneficiaries. Results revealed that 4Ps pupils performed better across major subjects, particularly in Filipino (+2.94%), Math (+1.34%), and Science (+1.00%), with a 1.71% higher overall average. Attendance rates were also consistently higher among 4Ps recipients, with monthly gains of +2.00% to +2.86%. T-tests confirmed statistically significant differences in performance and attendance between groups, affirming that 4Ps participation positively influences educational outcomes. Demographic factors such as income, age, and gender were evenly distributed, ruling them out as performance indicators. The findings support the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers in improving academic achievement and school participation, especially in rural communities with limited resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Dr. Ernel Saligumba Merano, 2025. "4p’s Program and the Academic Performance of Beneficiaries and Non-Beneficiaries Elementary Pupils in Cabulisan Elementary School, Inopacan District," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(6), pages 5050-5066, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-6:p:5050-5066
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jere R. Behrman & Susan W. Parker & Petra E. Todd, 2005. "Long-Term Impacts of the Oportunidades Conditional Cash Transfer Program on Rural Youth in Mexico," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 122, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research.
    2. Orbeta, Aniceto Jr. C. & Paqueo, Vicente B., 2016. "Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program: Boon or Bane?," Discussion Papers DP 2016-56, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    3. Norbert Schady & Ariel Fiszbein & Francisco H.G. Ferreira & Niall Keleher & Margaret Grosh & Pedro Olinto & Emmanuel Skoufias, 2009. "Conditional Cash Transfers : Reducing Present and Future Poverty," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2597.
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