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Leading the Herd: The Perceived Leadership Styles of the Center Directors of Philippine Carabao Center in Mindanao

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  • Rodolfo T. Valdez Jr

    (Science Research Analyst, Department of Agriculture-Philippine Carabao Center at University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines)

  • Maryjoy S. Bacus

    (Science Research Analyst, Department of Agriculture-Philippine Carabao Center at University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines)

  • Anecil S. Quijano-Pagutayao

    (Science Research Analyst, Department of Agriculture-Philippine Carabao Center at University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines)

Abstract

This study investigated the perceived leadership styles of Center Directors at DA-PCC regional centers in Mindanao namely: DA-PCC at University of Southern Mindanao (DA-PCC at USM) in Kabacan, Cotabato; DA-PCC at Central Mindanao University (DA-PCC at CMU) in Musuan, Bukidnon; and DA-PCC at Mindanao Livestock Production Center (DA-PCC at MLPC) in Kalawit, Zamboanga del Norte. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved all permanent employees from various DA-PCC centers in Mindanao who voluntarily participated through a researcher-made survey questionnaire. Results revealed that the majority of respondents were male (68%), aged 45 and above (79%), and had achieved college-level education or higher (68%). These demographics indicated a mature and experienced workforce. Findings showed that employees perceived their Center Directors to predominantly exhibit laissez-faire leadership style (Mean=3.56), closely followed by participative leadership style (Mean=3.54) and authoritarian leadership style (Mean=3.46). These leadership approaches were found to have a significant positive relationship with employees’ levels of commitment and confidence (p-value=0.002), as they fostered trust, respect, and a sense of value among staff members. Despite the prevalence of positive leadership traits, some inconsistencies in leadership practices were noted. These included unclear communication and limited involvement in decision-making processes, which were observed to affect employee morale and engagement in certain instances.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodolfo T. Valdez Jr & Maryjoy S. Bacus & Anecil S. Quijano-Pagutayao, 2025. "Leading the Herd: The Perceived Leadership Styles of the Center Directors of Philippine Carabao Center in Mindanao," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(5), pages 6584-6599, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-5:p:6584-6599
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    References listed on IDEAS

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