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Asymmetric Efficiency: Contrasting Sustainable Energy Indices with Dirty Cryptocurrencies

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  • Rosa Galvão

    (Accounting and Finance Department, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal)

  • Rui Dias

    (Accounting and Finance Department, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal)

Abstract

This paper examines the efficiency, in its weak form, of the clean energy stock indices, Clean Coal Technologies, Clean Energy Fuels, and Wilderhill, as well as the cryptocurrencies classified as "dirty", due to their excessive energy consumption, such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ethereum Classic (ETH Classic), and Litecoin (LTC), from January 2020 to May 30, 2023. In order to meet the research objectives, the aim is to answer the following research question, namely whether: i) the events of 2020 and 2022 accentuated the persistence in the clean energy and dirty energy indices? The results show that clean energy indices such as digital currencies classified as "dirty" show autocorrelation in their returns; the prices are not independent and identically distributed (i.i.d). In conclusion, arbitrage strategies can be used to obtain abnormal returns, but caution is needed as prices can rise above their real market value and reduce trading profitability. This study contributes to the knowledge base on sustainable finance by teaching investors how to use forecasting strategies on the future values of their investments.

Suggested Citation

  • Rosa Galvão & Rui Dias, 2024. "Asymmetric Efficiency: Contrasting Sustainable Energy Indices with Dirty Cryptocurrencies," Financial Economics Letters, Anser Press, vol. 3(1), pages 28-39, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bba:j00007:v:3:y:2024:i:1:p:28-39:d:290
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jarque, Carlos M. & Bera, Anil K., 1980. "Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 255-259.
    2. Wan, Daoxia & Xue, Rui & Linnenluecke, Martina & Tian, Jinfang & Shan, Yuli, 2021. "The impact of investor attention during COVID-19 on investment in clean energy versus fossil fuel firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    3. Rui Dias & Nicole Horta & Mariana Chambino, 2023. "Clean Energy Action Index Efficiency: An Analysis in Global Uncertainty Contexts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-18, May.
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