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Neighborhood social inequalities in road traffic injuries: The influence of traffic volume and road design

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  • Morency, P.
  • Gauvin, L.
  • Plante, C.
  • Fournier, M.
  • Morency, C.

Abstract

Objectives: We examined the extent to which differential traffic volume and road geometry can explain social inequalities in pedestrian, cyclist, and motor vehicle occupant injuries across wealthy and poor urban areas. Methods: We performed a multilevel observational study of all road users injured over 5 years (n = 19 568) at intersections (n = 17 498) in a large urban area (Island of Montreal, Canada). We considered intersection-level (traffic estimates, major roads, number of legs) and area-level (population density, commuting travel modes, household income) characteristics in multilevel Poisson regressions that nested intersections in 506 census tracts. Results: There were significantly more injured pedestrians, cyclists, and motor vehicle occupants at intersections in the poorest than in the richest areas. Controlling for traffic volume, intersection geometry, and pedestrian and cyclist volumes greatly attenuated the event rate ratios between intersections in the poorest and richest areas for injured pedestrians (-70%), cyclists (-44%), and motor vehicle occupants (-44%). Conclusions: Roadway environment can explain a substantial portion of the excess rate of road traffic injuries in the poorest urban areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Morency, P. & Gauvin, L. & Plante, C. & Fournier, M. & Morency, C., 2012. "Neighborhood social inequalities in road traffic injuries: The influence of traffic volume and road design," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(6), pages 1112-1119.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2011.300528_6
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300528
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    1. Grisé, Emily & Buliung, Ron & Rothman, Linda & Howard, Andrew, 2018. "A geography of child and elderly pedestrian injury in the City of Toronto, Canada," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 321-329.
    2. Rebekka E. Apardian & Oleg Smirnov, 2020. "An analysis of pedestrian crashes using a spatial count data model," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(5), pages 1317-1338, October.
    3. Christopher E. Clarke & Jeff Niederdeppe & Helen C. Lundell, 2012. "Narratives and Images Used by Public Communication Campaigns Addressing Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-24, November.
    4. Chen, Zhiwei & Li, Xiaopeng, 2021. "Unobserved heterogeneity in transportation equity analysis: Evidence from a bike-sharing system in southern Tampa," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    5. Nehiba, Cody & Tyndall, Justin, 2023. "Highways and pedestrian deaths in US neighborhoods," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    6. Nadine Schuurman & Blake Byron Walker & David Swanlund & Ofer Amram & Natalie L. Yanchar, 2020. "Qualitative Field Observation of Pedestrian Injury Hotspots: A Mixed-Methods Approach for Developing Built- and Socioeconomic-Environmental Risk Signatures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-15, March.
    7. Stephanie Pratt & Kyla Hagan-Haynes, 2023. "Applying a Health Equity Lens to Work-Related Motor Vehicle Safety in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(20), pages 1-23, October.
    8. Guilhem Dardier & Derek P. T. H. Christie & Jean Simos & Anne Roué Le Gall & Nicola L. Cantoreggi & Lorris Tabbone & Yoann Mallet & Françoise Jabot, 2023. "Health Impact Assessment to Promote Urban Health: A Trans-Disciplinary Case Study in Strasbourg, France," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, May.
    9. Pablo Martínez & Daniela Contreras & Mónica Moreno, 2020. "Safe mobility, socioeconomic inequalities, and aging: A 12-year multilevel interrupted time-series analysis of road traffic death rates in a Latin American country," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, January.
    10. Lihong Xia & Penghui Li & Zhizhuo Su & Tao Chen & Zhaoxiang Deng & Dihua Sun, 2022. "Longitudinal Driving Behavior before, during, and after a Left-Turn Movement at Signalized Intersections: A Naturalistic Driving Study in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-25, September.
    11. Seunghoon Park & Dongwon Ko, 2020. "A Multilevel Model Approach for Investigating Individual Accident Characteristics and Neighborhood Environment Characteristics Affecting Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-18, April.
    12. Miomir Stanković & Željko Stević & Dillip Kumar Das & Marko Subotić & Dragan Pamučar, 2020. "A New Fuzzy MARCOS Method for Road Traffic Risk Analysis," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-18, March.
    13. Rosenlieb, Evan G. & McAndrews, Carolyn & Marshall, Wesley E. & Troy, Austin, 2018. "Urban development patterns and exposure to hazardous and protective traffic environments," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 125-134.
    14. Arsalan Esmaili & Kayvan Aghabayk & Nirajan Shiwakoti, 2022. "Latent Class Cluster Analysis and Mixed Logit Model to Investigate Pedestrian Crash Injury Severity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-29, December.
    15. Firth, Caislin L. & Hosford, Kate & Winters, Meghan, 2021. "Who were these bike lanes built for? Social-spatial inequities in Vancouver's bikeways, 2001–2016," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    16. Badland, Hannah & Pearce, Jamie, 2019. "Liveable for whom? Prospects of urban liveability to address health inequities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 94-105.
    17. Vaz, Eric & Tehranchi, Sina & Cusimano, Michael, 2017. "Spatial Assessment of Road Traffic Injuries in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA): Spatial Analysis Framework," Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, Cinturs - Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, University of Algarve, vol. 5(1), pages 37-55.
    18. Yiannakoulias, Nikolaos & Scott, Darren M., 2013. "The effects of local and non-local traffic on child pedestrian safety: A spatial displacement of risk," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 96-104.
    19. Hanning, Cooper & Jerrett, Michael & Su, Jason G. & Wolch, Jennifer, 2012. "Safe Routes to Play? Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crashes Near Parks in the Los Angeles Region," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt2st3m2cv, University of California Transportation Center.
    20. Soud K. Al-Thani & Alexandre Amato & Muammer Koç & Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, 2019. "Urban Sustainability and Livability: An Analysis of Doha’s Urban-form and Possible Mitigation Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-25, February.

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