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Racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the US H1N1 influenza pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Quinn, S.C.
  • Kumar, S.
  • Freimuth, V.S.
  • Musa, D.
  • Casteneda-Angarita, N.
  • Kidwell, K.

Abstract

Objectives. We conducted the first empirical examination of disparities in H1N1 exposure, susceptibility to H1N1 complications, and access to health care during the H1N1 influenza pandemic. Methods. We conducted a nationally representative survey among a sample drawn from more than 60000 US households. We analyzed responses from 1479 adults, including significant numbers of Blacks and Hispanics. The survey asked respondents about their ability to impose social distance in response to public health recommendations, their chronic health conditions, and their access to health care. Results. Risk of exposure to H1N1 was significantly related to race and ethnicity. Spanish-speaking Hispanics were at greatest risk of exposure but were less susceptible to complications from H1N1. Disparities in access to health care remained significant for Spanish-speaking Hispanics after controlling for other demographic factors. We used measures based on prevalence of chronic conditions to determine that Blacks were the most susceptible to complications from H1N1. Conclusions. We found significant race/ethnicity-related disparities in potential risk from H1N1 flu. Disparities in the risks of exposure, susceptibility (particularly to severe disease), and access to health care may interact to exacerbate existing health inequalities and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in these populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Quinn, S.C. & Kumar, S. & Freimuth, V.S. & Musa, D. & Casteneda-Angarita, N. & Kidwell, K., 2011. "Racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the US H1N1 influenza pandemic," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 101(2), pages 285-293.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2009.188029_5
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.188029
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    RePEc Biblio mentions

    As found on the RePEc Biblio, the curated bibliography for Economics:
    1. > Economics of Welfare > Health Economics > Economics of Pandemics > Policy responses > Behavioral
    2. > Economics of Welfare > Health Economics > Economics of Pandemics > Specific pandemics > Swine Influenza (H1N1)

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    Cited by:

    1. Bayarmagnai Weinstein & Alan R. da Silva & Dimitrios E. Kouzoukas & Tanima Bose & Gwang Jin Kim & Paola A. Correa & Santhi Pondugula & YoonJung Lee & Jihoo Kim & David O. Carpenter, 2021. "Precision Mapping of COVID-19 Vulnerable Locales by Epidemiological and Socioeconomic Risk Factors, Developed Using South Korean Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Yuan, Bocong & Huang, Xinting & Li, Jiannan & He, Longtao, 2022. "Socioeconomic disadvantages and vulnerability to the pandemic among children and youth: A macro-level investigation of American counties," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    3. Kaitlin Piper & Ada Youk & A Everette James III & Supriya Kumar, 2017. "Paid sick days and stay-at-home behavior for influenza," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(2), pages 1-13, February.
    4. Fourie, Johan & Jayes, Jonathan, 2021. "Health inequality and the 1918 influenza in South Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    5. Arthi, Vellore & Parman, John, 2021. "Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    6. José M. Flores Sanchez & Jade Kai, 2023. "Coloniality and contagion: COVID‐19 and the disposability of women of color in feminized labor sectors," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 373-390, March.
    7. Jason A. Douglas & Georgiana Bostean & Angel Miles Nash & Emmanuel B. John & Lawrence M. Brown & Andrew M. Subica, 2022. "Citizenship Matters: Non-Citizen COVID-19 Mortality Disparities in New York and Los Angeles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-12, April.
    8. Timothy A. Matthews & Megan Guardiano & Negar Omidakhsh & Lara Cushing & Wendie Robbins & OiSaeng Hong & Jian Li, 2022. "Associations of COVID-19 Related Work Stressors with Psychological Distress: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Californian Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    9. Eva Clark & Karla Fredricks & Laila Woc-Colburn & Maria Elena Bottazzi & Jill Weatherhead, 2020. "Disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant communities in the United States," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-9, July.
    10. Gizelis, Theodora-Ismene & Karim, Sabrina M., 2024. "How epidemics affect marginalized communities in war-torn countries: Ebola, securitization, and public opinion about the security forces in Liberia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    11. Meng, Qingmin, 2023. "A locational analytics approach to COVID-19 discrimination and inequality against minorities across the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    12. Ilene Hyman & Ayesha Khan & Iwo Effiong, 2025. "Factors Impacting COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Confidence Among Immigrant and Refugee Populations in Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(4), pages 1-12, March.
    13. Charles Stoecker & Nicholas J. Sanders & Alan Barreca, 2016. "Success Is Something to Sneeze At: Influenza Mortality in Cities that Participate in the Super Bowl," American Journal of Health Economics, MIT Press, vol. 2(1), pages 125-143, January.
    14. Hamman, Mary K., 2021. "Disparities in COVID-19 mortality by county racial composition and the role of spring social distancing measures," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    15. Shubhadeep Roychoudhury & Anandan Das & Pallav Sengupta & Sulagna Dutta & Shatabhisha Roychoudhury & Arun Paul Choudhury & A. B. Fuzayel Ahmed & Saumendra Bhattacharjee & Petr Slama, 2020. "Viral Pandemics of the Last Four Decades: Pathophysiology, Health Impacts and Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-39, December.
    16. Hadi Alizadeh & Ayyoob Sharifi & Safiyeh Damanbagh & Hadi Nazarnia & Mohammad Nazarnia, 2023. "Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social sphere and lessons for crisis management: a literature review," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(3), pages 2139-2164, July.
    17. Richardson, Eugene T. & Malik, Momin M. & Darity, William A. & Mullen, A. Kirsten & Morse, Michelle E. & Malik, Maya & Maybank, Aletha & Bassett, Mary T. & Farmer, Paul E. & Worden, Lee & Jones, James, 2021. "Reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the U.S. and their potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    18. Charles Stoecker & Nicholas J. Sanders & Alan Barreca, 2015. "Success is Something to Sneeze at: Influenza Mortality in Regions that Send Teams to the Super Bowl," Working Papers 1501, Tulane University, Department of Economics.

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