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All-cause and cause-specific mortality among men released from state prison, 1980-2005

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  • Rosen, D.L.
  • Schoenbach, V.J.
  • Wohl, D.A.

Abstract

Objectives. We compared mortality of ex-prisoners and other state residents to identify unmet health care needs among former prisoners. Methods. We linked North Carolina prison records with state death records for 1980 to 2005 to estimate the number of overall and cause-specific deaths among male ex-prisoners aged 20 to 69 years and used standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) to compare these observed deaths with the number of expected deaths had they experienced the same age-, race-, and cause-specific death rates as other state residents. Results. All-cause mortality among White (SMR = 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04, 2.13) and Black (SMR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.05) ex-prisoners was greater than for other male NC residents. Ex-prisoners' deaths from homicide, accidents, substance use, HIV, liver disease, and liver cancer were greater than the expected number of deaths estimated using death rates among other NC residents. Deaths from cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes were at least 30% greater than expected for White ex-prisoners, but less than expected for Black ex-prisoners. Conclusions. Ex-prisoners experienced more deaths than would have been expected among other NC residents. Excess deaths from injuries and medical conditions common to prison populations highlight ex-prisoners' medical vulnerability and the need to improve correctional and community preventive health services.

Suggested Citation

  • Rosen, D.L. & Schoenbach, V.J. & Wohl, D.A., 2008. "All-cause and cause-specific mortality among men released from state prison, 1980-2005," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(12), pages 2278-2284.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2007.121855_3
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.121855
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    Cited by:

    1. Gunter, Tracy D. & Chibnall, John T. & Antoniak, Sandra K. & Philibert, Robert A. & Hollenbeck, Nancy, 2011. "Predictors of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm without lethal intent in a community corrections sample," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 238-245, May.
    2. Guy C M Skinner & David P Farrington & Darrick Jolliffe, 2022. "Criminal Careers and Early Death: Relationships In the Cambridge Study In Delinquent Development," The British Journal of Criminology, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, vol. 62(4), pages 840-856.
    3. Christopher Wildeman & Margaret E. Noonan & Daniela Golinelli & E. Ann Carson & Natalia Emanuel, 2016. "State-level variation in the imprisonment-mortality relationship, 2001−2010," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 34(12), pages 359-372.
    4. James C. Oleson, 2016. "The New Eugenics: Black Hyper-Incarceration and Human Abatement," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-20, October.
    5. Semenza, Daniel C. & Testa, Alexander M. & Jackson, Dylan B. & Vaughn, Michael G., 2021. "Incarceration and cardiovascular health: Multiple mechanisms within an intersectional framework," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    6. Sarah Larney & Lucy Burns, 2011. "Evaluating Health Outcomes of Criminal Justice Populations Using Record Linkage: The Importance of Aliases," Evaluation Review, , vol. 35(2), pages 118-128, April.
    7. Florence Huber & Alice Merceron & Yoann Madec & Gueda Gadio & Vincent About & Agathe Pastre & Isabelle Coupez & Antoine Adenis & Leila Adriouch & Mathieu Nacher, 2017. "High mortality among male HIV-infected patients after prison release: ART is not enough after incarceration with HIV," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, April.
    8. Becky Pettit & Carmen Gutierrez, 2018. "Mass Incarceration and Racial Inequality," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 77(3-4), pages 1153-1182, May.
    9. Connor M. Sheehan, 2019. "Education and Health Conditions Among the Currently Incarcerated and the Non-incarcerated Populations," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 38(1), pages 73-93, February.
    10. Sebastian Daza & Alberto Palloni & Jerrett Jones, 2020. "The Consequences of Incarceration for Mortality in the United States," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(2), pages 577-598, April.
    11. Stuart A Kinner & Simon J Forsyth, 2016. "Development and Validation of a National System for Routine Monitoring of Mortality in People Recently Released from Prison," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(6), pages 1-11, June.
    12. Meghan A Novisky & Kathryn M Nowotny & Dylan B Jackson & Alexander Testa & Michael G Vaughn, 2021. "Incarceration as a Fundamental Social Cause of Health Inequalities: Jails, Prisons and Vulnerability to COVID-19 [‘Flattening the Curve for Incarcerated Populations—Covid-19 in Jails and Prisons’]," The British Journal of Criminology, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, vol. 61(6), pages 1630-1646.

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