Analytical Model of the Firm’s Ecosystem: Comparison of Large Industrial Enterprises in Russia

In modern turbulent conditions, the ecosystem approach, the study of anthropo-ecosystems (industrial, innovative, entrepreneurial), is of particular relevance. This is a new concept designed to explain the contradictory nature of interorganizational and interpersonal interactions. The purpose of the study is to develop an analytical model of the company's ecosystem and assess the ecosystems of a number of large industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation in order to identify common characteristics and differences in ecosystems responsible for sustainable regional and interregional development. When the goal was achieved, conceptual, theoretical, methodological and practical tasks were solved. The set of the applied methods included content analysis, comparative analysis, modeling and systematization. The research procedure consists in considering the ecosystem from an institutional position as a new form of coordination of economic relations between stakeholders and the core of the ecosystem based on the principle of unity of the internal and external environment (the principle of seamlessness). The hypothesis is being tested that enterprise ecosystems can be compared with each other regardless of the scale of production and the region of presence. The comparative analytical model of the ecosystem was developed on the basis of the systematization of stakeholders and their indicators, the calculation and comparison of the values of which serve to assess the stakeholder configuration, the profile of a particular ecosystem. The potential of the analytical model of the ecosystem was tested on the information dataset of PJSC KAMAZ, JSC PO Yalamov Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant, PJSC Chelyabinsk Iron and Steel Works. The main result of the study was the understanding of the applicability, universality, instrumentality, illustrativeness of the analytical model of the company's ecosystem. In the course of the study, conclusions were drawn about the close, but not complete, binding of territories and ecosystems of firms. The theoretical and practical significance of the results lies in the refinement and successful testing of a universal tool for assessing ecosystems, which can be used both by business entities themselves and by public structures, public organizations, and rating agencies. A further direction in the development of the ecosystem approach may be a study of the agglomeration mission of firms' ecosystems.