Sustainable Agronomic Practices for Soil Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation in India

This present review paper focuses on the safe and ecological practices that are essential in maintaining the life and mitigate the effects of climate change in Indian agriculture sector. In the paper the author considers specifics of such practices as contour ploughing, terracing, and cover cropping which are vital in preventing the erosion of the soil and improving its structure and fertility. Additionally, it presents the essentiality of conservation tillage, organic farming, and integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) as fundamental process practices for carbon stocks accumulation, greenhouse gases mitigation, and nutrients use efficiency enhancement. The review integrates existing literature to demonstrate that those practices that enhance the various aspects of soil shown above to be beneficial on productivity have beneficial effects on the soil as well: for example, organic carbon content, nutrient replenishment status, and microbial function. But it also comprises the economic, educational, and policy conditions limiting the application of sustainable ideas. In practice, the paper provides examples of the described practices at the regional level and explains the improvements that has been achieved in the context of various Indian states. In the paper’s conclusion, recommendations for future research are provided with a focus on the lasting effects and development of sustainable practices and policy actions to improve the rates of sustainability practice adoption such as grants/credits for financial incentives and educational courses. Thus, in the context of increasing soil degradation and climate change challenges, the review launched a call for the promotion of sustainable agronomic practices in limited access Indian agriculture.