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Local Heterogeneity in Artificial Intelligence Jobs over Time and Space

Author

Listed:
  • Lefteris Andreadis
  • Eleni Kalotychou
  • Manolis Chatzikonstantinou
  • Christodoulos Louca
  • Christos A. Makridis

Abstract

We examine the spatial dynamics of AI adoption in the United States, leveraging county-level job postings data from 2014 to 2023. We document significant variation in AI intensity across counties and rapid growth occurring in unexpected suburban and remote-friendly areas such as Maries, Missouri, and Hughes, South Dakota. Controlling for county and year fixed effects, we find that higher shares of STEM degrees, labor market tightness, patent activity, lower manufacturing intensity, and turnover rates are key drivers of AI adoption. Our results point to the critical role of local education, innovation, and labor market dynamics in shaping adoption patterns.

Suggested Citation

  • Lefteris Andreadis & Eleni Kalotychou & Manolis Chatzikonstantinou & Christodoulos Louca & Christos A. Makridis, 2025. "Local Heterogeneity in Artificial Intelligence Jobs over Time and Space," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 115, pages 29-34, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:apandp:v:115:y:2025:p:29-34
    DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20251001
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C45 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Neural Networks and Related Topics
    • I26 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Returns to Education
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • M15 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - IT Management
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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