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A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics

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  1. Chia-Chi Chang & Syuan Teng & Min-Hao Yuan & Dar-Ren Ji & Ching-Yuan Chang & Yi-Hung Chen & Je-Lueng Shie & Chungfang Ho & Sz-Ying Tian & Cesar Augusto Andrade-Tacca & Do Van Manh & Min-Yi Tsai & Mei-, 2018. "Esterification of Jatropha Oil with Isopropanol via Ultrasonic Irradiation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-15, June.
  2. Behnam Tabatabai & Afua Adusei & Alok Kumar Shrivastava & Prashant Kumar Singh & Viji Sitther, 2020. "Nitrogen Deprivation in Fremyella diplosiphon Augments Lipid Production without Affecting Growth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-12, November.
  3. Subramani, Lingesan & Parthasarathy, M. & Balasubramanian, Dhinesh & Ramalingam, KrishnaMoorthy, 2018. "Novel Garcinia gummi-gutta methyl ester (GGME) as a potential alternative feedstock for existing unmodified DI diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 568-577.
  4. Maru, Marcia M. & Trommer, Rafael M. & Cavalcanti, Kátia F. & Figueiredo, Elizabeth S. & Silva, Rui F. & Achete, Carlos A., 2014. "The Stribeck curve as a suitable characterization method of the lubricity of biodiesel and diesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 673-681.
  5. Mathimani, Thangavel & Mallick, Nirupama, 2018. "A comprehensive review on harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel – Key challenges and future directions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1103-1120.
  6. Panneerselvam, N. & Murugesan, A. & Vijayakumar, C. & Kumaravel, A. & Subramaniam, D. & Avinash, A., 2015. "Effects of injection timing on bio-diesel fuelled engine characteristics—An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 17-31.
  7. Bhuiya, M.M.K. & Rasul, M.G. & Khan, M.M.K. & Ashwath, N. & Azad, A.K. & Hazrat, M.A., 2016. "Prospects of 2nd generation biodiesel as a sustainable fuel – Part 2: Properties, performance and emission characteristics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 1129-1146.
  8. Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, Abdul A., 2017. "Effect of emulsification and blending on the oxygenation and substitution of diesel fuel for compression ignition engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1281-1294.
  9. Norwazan Abdul Rahim & Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar & Syazwana Sapee & Hazir Farouk Elraheem, 2016. "Effect on Particulate and Gas Emissions by Combusting Biodiesel Blend Fuels Made from Different Plant Oil Feedstocks in a Liquid Fuel Burner," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-18, August.
  10. Ana Gonçalves & Jaime Filipe Puna & Luís Guerra & José Campos Rodrigues & João Fernando Gomes & Maria Teresa Santos & Diogo Alves, 2019. "Towards the Development of Syngas/Biomethane Electrolytic Production, Using Liquefied Biomass and Heterogeneous Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-21, October.
  11. Daniele Cocco & Paola A. Deligios & Luigi Ledda & Leonardo Sulas & Adriana Virdis & Gianluca Carboni, 2014. "LCA Study of Oleaginous Bioenergy Chains in a Mediterranean Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(10), pages 1-24, September.
  12. Habibullah, M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Rahman, S.M. Ashrafur & Mofijur, M. & Mobarak, H.M. & Ashraful, A.M., 2015. "Potential of biodiesel as a renewable energy source in Bangladesh," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 819-834.
  13. Rashed, M.M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Alabdulkarem, Abdullah & Rahman, M.M. & Imdadul, H.K. & Rashedul, H.K., 2016. "Study of the oxidation stability and exhaust emission analysis of Moringa olifera biodiesel in a multi-cylinder diesel engine with aromatic amine antioxidants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 294-303.
  14. Budžaki, Sandra & Miljić, Goran & Tišma, Marina & Sundaram, Smitha & Hessel, Volker, 2017. "Is there a future for enzymatic biodiesel industrial production in microreactors?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 124-134.
  15. Mohammad Fauzi, Ahmad Hafiidz & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina, 2012. "An overview of ionic liquids as solvents in biodiesel synthesis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5770-5786.
  16. Rozina, & Asif, Saira & Ahmad, Mushtaq & Zafar, Muhammad & Ali, Nsir, 2017. "Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-edible seed oils for use as biodiesel in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 687-702.
  17. Roy, Murari Mohon & Calder, Jorge & Wang, Wilson & Mangad, Arvind & Diniz, Fernando Cezar Mariano, 2016. "Cold start idle emissions from a modern Tier-4 turbo-charged diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel, diesel-biodiesel-ethanol, and diesel-biodiesel-diethyl ether blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 52-65.
  18. Geng, Peng & Cao, Erming & Tan, Qinming & Wei, Lijiang, 2017. "Effects of alternative fuels on the combustion characteristics and emission products from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 523-534.
  19. Yi-Yu Wang & Chia-Chi Chang & Ching-Yuan Chang & Yi-Hung Chen & Je-Lueng Shie & Min-Hao Yuan & Yen-Hau Chen & Li-Xuan Huang & Cesar Augusto Andrade-Tacca & Do Van Manh & Min-Yi Tsai & Michael Huang, 2016. "Thermal Cracking of Jatropha Oil with Hydrogen to Produce Bio-Fuel Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-11, November.
  20. Atabani, A.E. & Silitonga, A.S. & Ong, H.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. & Badruddin, Irfan Anjum & Fayaz, H., 2013. "Non-edible vegetable oils: A critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 211-245.
  21. Adedoyin, Festus Fatai & Alola, Andrew Adewale & Bekun, Festus Victor, 2021. "The alternative energy utilization and common regional trade outlook in EU-27: Evidence from common correlated effects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
  22. Motasemi, F. & Afzal, Muhammad T., 2013. "A review on the microwave-assisted pyrolysis technique," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 317-330.
  23. Maru, Marcia M. & Almeida, Clara M. & Silva, Rui F. & Achete, Carlos A., 2013. "Assessment of boundary lubrication in biodiesels by nanotribological tests," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 273-277.
  24. Othman, Mohd Fahmi & Adam, Abdullah & Najafi, G. & Mamat, Rizalman, 2017. "Green fuel as alternative fuel for diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 694-709.
  25. Mujtaba, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Gul, M. & Farooq, M. & Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. & Ahmed, Waqar & Harith, M.H. & Yusoff, M.N.A.M., 2020. "Ultrasound-assisted process optimization and tribological characteristics of biodiesel from palm-sesame oil via response surface methodology and extreme learning machine - Cuckoo search," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 202-214.
  26. Mofijur, M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Atabani, A.E., 2013. "Evaluation of biodiesel blending, engine performance and emissions characteristics of Jatropha curcas methyl ester: Malaysian perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 879-887.
  27. Nasruddin, & Idrus Alhamid, M. & Daud, Yunus & Surachman, Arief & Sugiyono, Agus & Aditya, H.B. & Mahlia, T.M.I., 2016. "Potential of geothermal energy for electricity generation in Indonesia: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 733-740.
  28. Ibrahim Khalil Adam & Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz & Morgan R. Heikal & Suzana Yusup & Firmansyah & Ahmad Shahrul Ahmad & Ezrann Zharif Zainal Abidin, 2018. "Performance and Emission Analysis of Rubber Seed, Palm, and Their Combined Blend in a Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-20, June.
  29. Marta Ramos & Ana Paula Soares Dias & Jaime Filipe Puna & João Gomes & João Carlos Bordado, 2019. "Biodiesel Production Processes and Sustainable Raw Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-30, November.
  30. Mofijur, M. & Atabani, A.E. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Masum, B.M., 2013. "A study on the effects of promising edible and non-edible biodiesel feedstocks on engine performance and emissions production: A comparative evaluation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 391-404.
  31. Silitonga, A.S. & Masjuki, H.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Ong, H.C. & Atabani, A.E. & Chong, W.T., 2013. "A global comparative review of biodiesel production from jatropha curcas using different homogeneous acid and alkaline catalysts: Study of physical and chemical properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 514-533.
  32. Manzano-Agugliaro, F. & Sanchez-Muros, M.J. & Barroso, F.G. & Martínez-Sánchez, A. & Rojo, S. & Pérez-Bañón, C., 2012. "Insects for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3744-3753.
  33. Singh, Paramvir & Varun, & Chauhan, S.R. & Kumar, Niraj, 2016. "A review on methodology for complete elimination of diesel from CI engines using mixed feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1110-1125.
  34. Shahir, S.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Imran, A. & Fattah, I.M. Rizwanul & Sanjid, A., 2014. "Feasibility of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol/bioethanol blend as existing CI engine fuel: An assessment of properties, material compatibility, safety and combustion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 379-395.
  35. Muhammad Hanafi Azami & Mark Savill, 2017. "Pulse Detonation Assessment for Alternative Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-19, March.
  36. Go, Alchris Woo & Sutanto, Sylviana & Ong, Lu Ki & Tran-Nguyen, Phuong Lan & Ismadji, Suryadi & Ju, Yi-Hsu, 2016. "Developments in in-situ (trans) esterification for biodiesel production: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 284-305.
  37. Vijay Kumar, M. & Veeresh Babu, A. & Ravi Kumar, P., 2018. "Experimental investigation on the effects of diesel and mahua biodiesel blended fuel in direct injection diesel engine modified by nozzle orifice diameters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 388-399.
  38. Seo, Yeong hwan & Han, Shin & Han, Jong-In, 2014. "Economic biodiesel production using algal residue as substrate of lipid producing yeast Cryptococcus curvatus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 473-478.
  39. Barros, Ana I. & Gonçalves, Ana L. & Simões, Manuel & Pires, José C.M., 2015. "Harvesting techniques applied to microalgae: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1489-1500.
  40. Mofijur, M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Ashrafur Rahman, S.M. & Mahmudul, H.M., 2015. "Energy scenario and biofuel policies and targets in ASEAN countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 51-61.
  41. Carlos Luna & Enrique Sancho & Diego Luna & Verónica Caballero & Juan Calero & Alejandro Posadillo & Cristóbal Verdugo & Felipa M. Bautista & Antonio A. Romero, 2013. "Biofuel that Keeps Glycerol as Monoglyceride by 1,3-Selective Ethanolysis with Pig Pancreatic Lipase Covalently Immobilized on AlPO 4 Support," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-22, July.
  42. Mukhtar, M.N.A. & Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A. Adam & Abd Aziz, Abd Rashid, 2019. "Tri-fuel emulsion with secondary atomization attributes for greener diesel engine – A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 490-506.
  43. Seljak, T. & Buffi, M. & Valera-Medina, A. & Chong, C.T. & Chiaramonti, D. & Katrašnik, T., 2020. "Bioliquids and their use in power generation – A technology review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
  44. Kakran, Shubham & Sidhu, Arpit & Kumar, Ashish & Ben Youssef, Adel & Lohan, Sheenam, 2023. "Hydrogen energy in BRICS-US: A whirl succeeding fuel treasure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
  45. Jadier Aristizabal & María Mar Prieto & Lizzet Vargas & Diego Pradilla & Jorge M. Gómez, 2023. "Multi-period Optimization for Long-Term Oilfield Production Planning," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 197(1), pages 71-97, April.
  46. Ewunie, Gebresilassie Asnake & Morken, John & Lekang, Odd Ivar & Yigezu, Zerihun Demrew, 2021. "Factors affecting the potential of Jatropha curcas for sustainable biodiesel production: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
  47. Silitonga, A.S. & Shamsuddin, A.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Milano, Jassinne & Kusumo, F. & Siswantoro, Joko & Dharma, S. & Sebayang, A.H. & Masjuki, H.H. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan, 2020. "Biodiesel synthesis from Ceiba pentandra oil by microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification: ELM modeling and optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1278-1291.
  48. Xing, Hui & Spence, Stephen & Chen, Hua, 2020. "A comprehensive review on countermeasures for CO2 emissions from ships," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  49. Mohsin Raza & Abrar Inayat & Basim Abu-Jdayil, 2021. "Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-27, November.
  50. Cuevas-Castillo, Gabriela A. & Navarro-Pineda, Freddy S. & Baz Rodríguez, Sergio A. & Sacramento Rivero, Julio C., 2020. "Advances on the processing of microalgal biomass for energy-driven biorefineries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  51. Liew, Chin Seng & Mong, Guo Ren & Lim, Jun Wei & Raksasat, Ratchaprapa & Rawindran, Hemamalini & Hassan, Muzamil A. & Lam, Man Kee & Khoo, Kuan Shiong & Zango, Zakariyya Uba, 2023. "Low-temperature thermal pre-treated sewage sludge for feeding of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae: Protein, lipid and biodiesel profile and characterization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
  52. Sakthivel, R. & Ramesh, K. & Purnachandran, R. & Mohamed Shameer, P., 2018. "A review on the properties, performance and emission aspects of the third generation biodiesels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2970-2992.
  53. A. K. Azad, 2017. "Biodiesel from Mandarin Seed Oil: A Surprising Source of Alternative Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-22, October.
  54. Chen, Wei & Ma, Lin & Zhou, Peng-peng & Zhu, Yuan-min & Wang, Xiao-peng & Luo, Xin-an & Bao, Zhen-dong & Yu, Long-jiang, 2015. "A novel feedstock for biodiesel production: The application of palmitic acid from Schizochytrium," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 128-138.
  55. Mohd Hafiz Ali & Abdullah Adam & Mohd Hafizil Mat Yasin & Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman & Mohd Fahmi Othman, 2020. "Mitigation of NOx emission by monophenolic antioxidants blended in POME biodiesel blends," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(4), pages 829-839, August.
  56. Johari, Anwar & Nyakuma, Bemgba Bevan & Mohd Nor, Shadiah Husna & Mat, Ramli & Hashim, Haslenda & Ahmad, Arshad & Yamani Zakaria, Zaki & Tuan Abdullah, Tuan Amran, 2015. "The challenges and prospects of palm oil based biodiesel in Malaysia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 255-261.
  57. Sarma, Saurabh Jyoti & Das, Ratul Kumar & Brar, Satinder Kaur & Le Bihan, Yann & Buelna, Gerardo & Verma, Mausam & Soccol, Carlos Ricardo, 2014. "Application of magnesium sulfate and its nanoparticles for enhanced lipid production by mixotrophic cultivation of algae using biodiesel waste," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 16-22.
  58. Mofijur, M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Hazrat, M.A. & Liaquat, A.M. & Shahabuddin, M. & Varman, M., 2012. "Prospects of biodiesel from Jatropha in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 5007-5020.
  59. El-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Hassan, Hamdy & Ookawara, S., 2018. "Effects of graphene nanoplatelet addition to jatropha Biodiesel–Diesel mixture on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 1129-1152.
  60. Esonye, Chizoo & Onukwuli, Okechukwu Dominic & Ofoefule, Akuzuo Uwaoma, 2019. "Optimization of methyl ester production from Prunus Amygdalus seed oil using response surface methodology and Artificial Neural Networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 61-72.
  61. Strzalka, Rafal & Schneider, Dietrich & Eicker, Ursula, 2017. "Current status of bioenergy technologies in Germany," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 801-820.
  62. Ko, Ja Kyong & Lee, Jae Hoon & Jung, Je Hyeong & Lee, Sun-Mi, 2020. "Recent advances and future directions in plant and yeast engineering to improve lignocellulosic biofuel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  63. Vigneshwar, V. & Krishnan, S. Yogesh & Kishna, R. Susanth & Srinath, R. & Ashok, B. & Nanthagopal, K., 2019. "Comprehensive review of Calophyllum inophyllum as a feasible alternate energy for CI engine applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
  64. Chukwuma Onumaegbu & Abed Alaswad & Cristina Rodriguez & Abdul G. Olabi, 2018. "Optimization of Pre-Treatment Process Parameters to Generate Biodiesel from Microalga," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, March.
  65. Noraini, M.Y. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Badrul, Mohamed Jan & Chong, W.T., 2014. "A review on potential enzymatic reaction for biofuel production from algae," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 24-34.
  66. Zhu, Yixin & Xu, Jianchu & Li, Qiaohong & Mortimer, Peter E., 2014. "Investigation of rubber seed yield in Xishuangbanna and estimation of rubber seed oil based biodiesel potential in Southeast Asia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 837-842.
  67. Alaswad, A. & Dassisti, M. & Prescott, T. & Olabi, A.G., 2015. "Technologies and developments of third generation biofuel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1446-1460.
  68. Aytav, Emre & Kocar, Günnur, 2013. "Biodiesel from the perspective of Turkey: Past, present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 335-350.
  69. Keskin, Ahmet, 2018. "Two-step methyl ester production and characterization from the broiler rendering fat: The optimization of the first step," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 216-224.
  70. Ismail, Tamer M. & Lu, Ding & Ramzy, Khaled & Abd El-Salam, M. & Yu, Guangsuo & Elkady, M.A., 2019. "Experimental and theoretical investigation on the performance of a biodiesel-powered engine from plant seeds in Egypt," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
  71. Nitièma-Yefanova, Svitlana & Coniglio, Lucie & Schneider, Raphaël & Nébié, Roger H.C. & Bonzi-Coulibaly, Yvonne L., 2016. "Ethyl biodiesel production from non-edible oils of Balanites aegyptiaca, Azadirachta indica, and Jatropha curcas seeds – Laboratory scale development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 881-890.
  72. Mohd Noor, C.W. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, R., 2018. "Biodiesel as alternative fuel for marine diesel engine applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 127-142.
  73. Khairul Azly Zahan & Manabu Kano, 2018. "Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-25, August.
  74. Bhatia, Shashi Kant & Bhatia, Ravi Kant & Yang, Yung-Hun, 2017. "An overview of microdiesel — A sustainable future source of renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1078-1090.
  75. Obed M. Ali & Talal Yusaf & Rizalman Mamat & Nik R. Abdullah & Abdul Adam Abdullah, 2014. "Influence of Chemical Blends on Palm Oil Methyl Esters’ Cold Flow Properties and Fuel Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-17, July.
  76. Dias, J.M. & Araújo, J.M. & Costa, J.F. & Alvim-Ferraz, M.C.M. & Almeida, M.F., 2013. "Biodiesel production from raw castor oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 58-66.
  77. Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, Nik R. & Abdullah, Abdul Adam, 2016. "Analysis of blended fuel properties and engine performance with palm biodiesel–diesel blended fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 59-67.
  78. Aldhaidhawi, Mohanad & Chiriac, Radu & Badescu, Viorel, 2017. "Ignition delay, combustion and emission characteristics of Diesel engine fueled with rapeseed biodiesel – A literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 178-186.
  79. How, H.G. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Teoh, Y.H., 2014. "An investigation of the engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of coconut biodiesel in a high-pressure common-rail diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 749-759.
  80. Bukkarapu, Kiran Raj & Krishnasamy, Anand, 2022. "A critical review on available models to predict engine fuel properties of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
  81. Azad, A.K. & Rasul, M.G. & Khan, M.M.K. & Sharma, Subhash C. & Mofijur, M. & Bhuiya, M.M.K., 2016. "Prospects, feedstocks and challenges of biodiesel production from beauty leaf oil and castor oil: A nonedible oil sources in Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 302-318.
  82. Obed M. Ali & Rizalman Mamat & Gholamhassan Najafi & Talal Yusaf & Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili, 2015. "Optimization of Biodiesel-Diesel Blended Fuel Properties and Engine Performance with Ether Additive Using Statistical Analysis and Response Surface Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-15, December.
  83. Badoei-dalfard, Arastoo & Malekabadi, Saeid & Karami, Zahra & Sargazi, Ghasem, 2019. "Magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of Km12 lipase: A stable nanobiocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 874-882.
  84. Kusumo, F. & Silitonga, A.S. & Masjuki, H.H. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Siswantoro, J. & Mahlia, T.M.I., 2017. "Optimization of transesterification process for Ceiba pentandra oil: A comparative study between kernel-based extreme learning machine and artificial neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 24-34.
  85. Patel, Alok & Arora, Neha & Mehtani, Juhi & Pruthi, Vikas & Pruthi, Parul A., 2017. "Assessment of fuel properties on the basis of fatty acid profiles of oleaginous yeast for potential biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 604-616.
  86. Ennaceri, Houda & Fischer, Kristina & Schulze, Agnes & Moheimani, Navid Reza, 2022. "Membrane fouling control for sustainable microalgal biodiesel production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
  87. Jesús Andrés Tavizón-Pozos & Gerardo Chavez-Esquivel & Víctor Alejandro Suárez-Toriello & Carlos Eduardo Santolalla-Vargas & Oscar Abel Luévano-Rivas & Omar Uriel Valdés-Martínez & Alfonso Talavera-Ló, 2021. "State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-24, February.
  88. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Abdul Aziz, A.R. & Sulaiman, N.M.N., 2012. "The effects of water on biodiesel production and refining technologies: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3456-3470.
  89. Sundus, F. & Fazal, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H., 2017. "Tribology with biodiesel: A study on enhancing biodiesel stability and its fuel properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 399-412.
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