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Influence of Chemical Blends on Palm Oil Methyl Esters’ Cold Flow Properties and Fuel Characteristics

Author

Listed:
  • Obed M. Ali

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia)

  • Talal Yusaf

    (National Center for Engineering in Agriculture (NCEA), Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350 QLD, Australia)

  • Rizalman Mamat

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia)

  • Nik R. Abdullah

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Shah Alam, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Abdul Adam Abdullah

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia)

Abstract

Alternative fuels, like biodiesel, are being utilized as a renewable energy source and an effective substitute for the continuously depleting supply of mineral diesel as they have similar combustion characteristics. However, the use of pure biodiesel as a fuel for diesel engines is currently limited due to problems relating to fuel properties and its relatively poor cold flow characteristics. Therefore, the most acceptable option for improving the properties of biodiesel is the use of a fuel additive. In the present study, the properties of palm oil methyl esters with increasing additive content were investigated after addition of ethanol, butanol and diethyl ether. The results revealed varying improvement in acid value, density, viscosity, pour point and cloud point, accompanied by a slight decrease in energy content with an increasing additive ratio. The viscosity reductions at 5% additive were 12%, 7%, 16.5% for ethanol, butanol and diethyl ether, respectively, and the maximum reduction in pour point was 5 °C at 5% diethyl ether blend. Engine test results revealed a noticeable improvement in engine brake power and specific fuel consumption compared to palm oil biodiesel and the best performance was obtained with diethyl ether. All the biodiesel-additive blend samples meet the requirements of ASTM D6751 biodiesel fuel standards for the measured properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Obed M. Ali & Talal Yusaf & Rizalman Mamat & Nik R. Abdullah & Abdul Adam Abdullah, 2014. "Influence of Chemical Blends on Palm Oil Methyl Esters’ Cold Flow Properties and Fuel Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:4364-4380:d:37956
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    4. Sierra-Cantor, Jonathan Fabián & Guerrero-Fajardo, Carlos Alberto, 2017. "Methods for improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel with high saturated fatty acids content: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 774-790.
    5. Altarazi, Yazan S.M. & Abu Talib, Abd Rahim & Yu, Jianglong & Gires, Ezanee & Abdul Ghafir, Mohd Fahmi & Lucas, John & Yusaf, Talal, 2022. "Effects of biofuel on engines performance and emission characteristics: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    6. Srikanth, H.V. & Venkatesh, J. & Godiganur, Sharanappa & Manne, Bhaskar, 2019. "Acetone and Diethyl ether: Improve cold flow properties of Dairy Washed Milkscum biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 446-451.
    7. Mohanan, Athira & Bouzidi, Laziz & Li, Shaojun & Narine, Suresh S., 2016. "Mitigating crystallization of saturated fames in biodiesel: 1. Lowering crystallization temperatures via addition of metathesized soybean oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 335-345.
    8. Ä°smet Sezer, 2020. "A review study on using diethyl ether in diesel engines: Effects on fuel properties, injection, and combustion characteristics," Energy & Environment, , vol. 31(2), pages 179-214, March.
    9. Adrian Clenci & Rodica Niculescu & Amélie Danlos & Victor Iorga-Simăn & Alina Trică, 2016. "Impact of Biodiesel Blends and Di-Ethyl-Ether on the Cold Starting Performance of a Compression Ignition Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-19, April.
    10. Ahmad Fitri Yusop & Rizalman Mamat & Talal Yusaf & Gholamhassan Najafi & Mohd Hafizil Mat Yasin & Akasyah Mohd Khathri, 2018. "Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions in Diesel Engines Using Palm Oil Biodiesel Blended with Diesel Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-25, April.
    11. Mohanan, Athira & Bouzidi, Laziz & Narine, Suresh S., 2016. "Mitigating crystallization of saturated FAMEs in biodiesel 6: The binary phase behavior of 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-stearoyl sn-glycerol – Methyl stearate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 273-284.
    12. Altarazi, Yazan S.M. & Abu Talib, Abd Rahim & Gires, Ezanee & Yu, Jianglong & Lucas, John & Yusaf, Talal, 2021. "Performance and exhaust emissions rate of small-scale turbojet engine running on dual biodiesel blends using Gasturb," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    13. Mat Yasin, Mohd Hafizil & Mamat, Rizalman & Najafi, G. & Ali, Obed Majeed & Yusop, Ahmad Fitri & Ali, Mohd Hafiz, 2017. "Potentials of palm oil as new feedstock oil for a global alternative fuel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1034-1049.

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