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Gesteuerte Erwerbsmigration nach Deutschland

Author

Listed:
  • Brücker, Herbert
  • Adunts, Davit
  • Fendel, Tanja
  • Hauptmann, Andreas
  • Keita, Sekou
  • Konle-Seidl, Regina

Abstract

[Einleitung ...] Gegenstand dieser Expertise ist vor diesem Hintergrund eine Analyse der gegenwärtigen und künftigen Entwicklung des Arbeitsangebots in Deutschland, der Erwerbsmigration nach Deutschland, der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migrantinnen und Migranten und eine Diskussion der sich daraus ergebenden Schlussfolgerungen für eine nachhaltige Steuerung der Erwerbsmigration. Das folgende Kapitel beschreibt die Entwicklung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials in Deutschland unter verschiedenen Annahmen über das Wanderungssaldo sowie der Spannung im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt auf Grundlage der IAB-Stellenerhebung. Dies gibt aus einer gesamtwirtschaftlichen Perspektive Hinweise über die Entwicklung des Arbeitskräftebedarfs in Deutschland (Kapitel 2). Kapitel 3 untersucht die Entwicklung der Migration nach Deutschland aus der EU und Drittstaaten. Im Mittelpunkt der Analyse steht dabei die Frage, in welchem Umfang bislang die verschiedenen rechtlichen Regelungen für den Zuzug und die Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit in Deutschland aus Drittstaaten genutzt werden. Kapitel 4 analysiert die Dynamik des Umfangs und der Struktur der Beschäftigung von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Zusammen mit der Veränderung der Struktur der Arbeitsnachfrage gemessen an den offenen Stellen ergeben sich daraus auch Hinweise, wie sich die Beschäftigungs- und Tätigkeitsstrukturen in Deutschland verändern und welche Schlussfolgerungen daraus für den Arbeitskräftebedarf zu ziehen sind. Die Arbeitsmarktintegration wird nicht allein von dem Humankapital der Migrantinnen und Migranten und anderen Fähigkeiten beeinflusst, sondern auch von den rechtlichen und institutionellen Zuzugs- und Aufenthaltsbedingungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht Kapitel 5 die Zusammenhänge zwischen Arbeitsmarktintegration und verschiedenen Zuzugsund Aufenthaltsregelungen im deutschen Einwanderungsrecht. Dabei liegt ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf der Westbalkanregelung, weil sie anders als viele andere Zuzugswege den Zugang zum deutschen Arbeitsmarkt auch ohne Qualifikationsauflagen ermöglicht. Abschließend werden die Regelungen des gegenwärtigen, zuletzt durch das Fachkräfteeinwanderungsgesetz novellierten, Aufenthaltsrechts in Hinblick auf seine Steuerungswirkungen für den Zuzug von Arbeitskräften und anderen Erwerbstätigen analysiert. Dabei liegt ein Schwerpunkt auf der Anerkennung beruflicher Abschlüsse in Deutschland, die mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit eine wesentliche Hürde für den Zuzug von qualifizierten Arbeitskräften aus dem Ausland ist. Darauf aufbauend werden verschiedene Politikoptionen für eine Reform des Einwanderungsrechts sowie die jüngsten Reformvorschläge der Bundesregierung diskutiert (Kapitel 6).

Suggested Citation

  • Brücker, Herbert & Adunts, Davit & Fendel, Tanja & Hauptmann, Andreas & Keita, Sekou & Konle-Seidl, Regina, 2022. "Gesteuerte Erwerbsmigration nach Deutschland," Working Papers 03/2022, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:svrwwp:032022
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