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Deutsche Auslandsinvestoren in der Entwicklungsländer-Falle?

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  • Nunnenkamp, Peter

Abstract

Die traditionelle Konzentration der deutschen Direktinvestitionen in der Dritten Welt auf wenige große Staaten Lateinamerikas, die dort verfolgte Markterhaltungsstrategie und der vernachlässigte Aufbau von Exportplattformen durch Direktinvestitionen in stärker weltmarktorientierten Entwicklungsländern stellte sich spätestens in den achtziger Jahren als problematisch heraus. Gerade die bevorzugten Standorte gerieten in den Sog der Schuldenkrise und büßten an Attraktivität für Auslandskapital ein. Eine Umorientierung der deutschen Auslandsinvestoren blieb bis heute weitgehend aus. Staatliche Investitionsgarantien der Bundesregierung schwächten das Risikobewußtsein der Unternehmen. Erhöhte wirtschaftliche und politische Unsicherheit führte — im Gegensatz zu den Reaktionen von Investoren aus anderen Herkunftsländern — nicht zu einem Rückzug aus den Problemländern. Vielmehr induzierten steigende Arbeitskosten in den Gastländern und von den dortigen Regierungen verhängte Beschränkungen der Gewinnrepatriierung weitere Folgeinvestitionen. Die Falle, in der deutsche Auslandsinvestoren insbesondere in Lateinamerika steckten, erschwerte es, die relative Wettbewerbsschwäche in der asiatisch-pazifischen Wachstumsregion zu bekämpfen. Dem fortbestehenden Nachholbedarf an weltmarktorientierten Direktinvestitionen in dieser Region stand kein entsprechender Strategiewechsel der deutschen Investoren gegenüber. Es ist zu befürchten, daß die Direktinvestitionsplanung deutscher Unternehmen auch in Zukunft vom Motiv der Erschließung und Erhaltung nationaler Märkte dominiert wird, diesmal vor allem mit Blick auf die ost- und mitteleuropäischen Reformländer. Wie zuvor in Lateinamerika ist eine derartige Strategie mit erheblichen Risiken behaftet. Gleichzeitig wären die weiterhin prosperierenden Standorte im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum und die dort liegenden Chancen zum Aufbau weltmarktorientierter Produktionen wohl endgültig verloren.

Suggested Citation

  • Nunnenkamp, Peter, 1991. "Deutsche Auslandsinvestoren in der Entwicklungsländer-Falle?," Kiel Discussion Papers 164, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkdp:164
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. D.N. Saxena, 1989. "Foreign Direct Investment," Foreign Trade Review, , vol. 24(1), pages 76-97, April.
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    1. Nunnenkamp, Peter & Agarwal, Jamuna Prasad, 1993. "Lateinamerika im internationalen Wettbewerb um deutsche Direktinvestitionen," Kiel Discussion Papers 215, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    2. Jost, Thomas & Nunnenkamp, Peter, 2002. "Bestimmungsgründe deutscher Direktinvestitionen in Entwicklungs- und Reformländern: hat sich wirklich etwas verändert?," Kiel Working Papers 1124, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

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