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Habit Formation: A Resolution of the Equity Premium Puzzle?

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Author Info
Otrok, C. () (University of Iowa)
Ravikumar, B. () (University of Iowa)
Whiteman, C. () (University of Iowa)

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Abstract

We explore how the introduction of habit preferences into the simple intertemporal consumption-based capital asset pricing model "solves" the equity premium and risk-free rate puzzles. Our exploration employs spectral utility functions that decompose agents' preferences for consumption smoothness into preferences for smoothness by frequency. While agents with time-separable preferences care only about the overall volatility of consumption, we show that agents with habit preferences care not only about overall volatility, but also about the temporal distribution of that volatility. Specifically, habit agents are much more averse to high-frequency fluctuations than to low-frequency fluctuations. In fact, the size of the equity premium in the habit model is determined by a relatively insignificant amount of high-frequency volatility in U.S. consumption. Further, the model's premia and returns are very sensitive to changes in characteristics of the stochastic process for consumption, changes that have been dramatic during the 20th century. The model also carries counterfactual implications for the equally dramatic changes in the equity premium and risk-free rate observed over the last 100 years.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by University of Iowa, Department of Economics in its series Working Papers with number 98-04.

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Length: 23 Pages
Date of creation: May 1998
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:uia:iowaec:98-04

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Postal: University of Iowa, Department of Economics, Henry B. Tippie College of Business, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
Phone: (319) 335-0829
Fax: (319) 335-1956
Web page: http://www.biz.uiowa.edu/econ/
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Related research
Keywords: Habit Formation Equity Premium Spectral Utility

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing

Cited by:
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  1. Francisco Gomes & Alexander Michaelides, 2003. "Portfolio Choice With Internal Habit Formation: A Life-Cycle Model With Uninsurable Labor Income Risk," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 6(4), pages 729-766, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. David N. DeJong & Emilio Espino, 2007. "The Cyclical Behavior of Equity Turnover," Working Papers 294, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Economics, revised Oct 2007. [Downloadable!]
  3. Eric JONDEAU & Herve LE BIHAN, 2003. "ML vs GMM Estimates of Hybrid Macroeconomic Models (With an Application to the "New Phillips Curve")," Econometrics 0303006, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. S. Rao Aiyagari & Mark Gertler, 1990. "Asset Returns with Transactions Cost and Uninsured Risk: A Stage III Exercise," NBER Working Papers 3481, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Grant, Simon & Quiggin, John, 2003. "The Risk Premium for Equity: Implicatiosn for Resource Allocation, Welfare adn Policy," Working Papers 2003-14, Rice University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  6. David A. Chapman, 2002. "Does Intrinsic Habit Formation Actually Resolve the Equity Premium Puzzle?," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 5(3), pages 618-645, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Christopher Otrok & B. Ravikumar & Charles H. Whiteman, 2002. "Evaluating asset-pricing models using the Hansen-Jagannathan bound: a Monte Carlo investigation," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 17(2), pages 149-174. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Santiago Budría & Antonia Díaz, 2006. "Term and Equity Premium in Economies with Habit Formation," Working Papers 2006-23, FEDEA. [Downloadable!]
  9. Christopher Otrok, 2000. "On Measuring the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles," Econometric Society World Congress 2000 Contributed Papers 1094, Econometric Society. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  10. Ionel Birgean & Lutz Kilian, 2002. "Data-Driven Nonparametric Spectral Density Estimators For Economic Time Series: A Monte Carlo Study," Econometric Reviews, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 449-476. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  11. Beatrice Pataracchia, 2008. "Design Limits in Regime-Switching Cases," Department of Economics University of Siena 529, Department of Economics, University of Siena. [Downloadable!]
  12. Santiago Budria & Antonia Diaz, 2006. "Term Premium And Equity Premium In Economies With Habit Formation," Economics Working Papers we065522, Universidad Carlos III, Departamento de Economía. [Downloadable!]
  13. William T. Smith & Qiang Zhang, 2006. "Asset Pricing With Multiplicative Habit and Power-Expo Preferences," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-429, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  14. James M. Nason & Takashi Kano, 2004. "Business Cycle Implications of Habit Formation," Computing in Economics and Finance 2004 175, Society for Computational Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  15. Stefano G. Athanasoulis & Oren Sussman, 2004. "Habit Formation and the Equity-Premium Puzzle: a Skeptical View," OFRC Working Papers Series 2004fe12, Oxford Financial Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
  16. William A. Brock & Steven N. Durlauf, 2004. "Elements of a Theory of Design Limits to Optimal Policy," NBER Working Papers 10495, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  17. repec:att:wimass:1920325 is not listed on IDEAS
  18. Beatrice Pataracchia, 2008. "The Spectral Representation of Markov-Switching Arma Models," Department of Economics University of Siena 528, Department of Economics, University of Siena. [Downloadable!]
  19. Lungu, Laurian & Minford, Patrick, 2005. "Explaining The Equity Risk Premium," CEPR Discussion Papers 5017, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  20. Lars Peter Hansen, 2008. "Modeling the Long Run: Valuation in Dynamic Stochastic Economies," NBER Working Papers 14243, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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