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Stockholding: Recent Lessons from Theory and Computations

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Author Info
Michael Haliassos

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Abstract

Household-level portfolio data show a tendency of the majority of households in each country to hold no stocks despite a historical expected-return premium on equity relative to riskless assets. This paper first explains why such a tendency constitutes a puzzle in economic theory (the "stockholding puzzle"). It discusses why simple popular notions regarding the source of non-participation (risk aversion, risky labor income, and borrowing constraints) are not confirmed by careful analysis of portfolio models and presents recent conclusions on what causes non-participation. Based on this, it revisits the popular view on non-participation and shows how it can be qualified to be consistent with lessons from economic theory. It also explains how this view can be extended to account for exits from the stock market and for limited diversification. Then, the paper describes three unsolved empirical puzzles concerning the share of stocks in portfolios of households that do participate in the stock market. It points to basic underlying mechanisms producing these theoretical results and discusses briefly possible future directions for research that may help resolve the puzzles. Finally, the paper draws lessons for practitioners interested in expanding the stockholder base.

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Paper provided by University of Cyprus Department of Economics in its series University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics with number 0206.

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Length: 38 pages
Date of creation: May 2002
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Handle: RePEc:ucy:cypeua:0206

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  6. Lyssiotou, Panayiota, 1997. "Comparison of Alternative Tax and Transfer Treatment of Children Using Adult Equivalence Scales," Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(1), pages 105-17, March.
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  13. Michael Haliassos & Alexander Michaelides, 2003. "Portfolio Choice and Liquidity Constraints," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 44(1), pages 143-177, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Luigi Guiso & Tullio Jappelli, 2000. "Household Portfolios in Italy," CSEF Working Papers 43, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy. [Downloadable!]
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  15. Heaton, John & Lucas, Deborah, 2000. "Portfolio Choice in the Presence of Background Risk," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 110(460), pages 1-26, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Panayiota Lyssiotou & Panos Pashardes & Thanasis Stengos, 2002. "Age effects on consumer demand: an additive partially linear regression model," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 35(1), pages 153-165, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  18. Blundell, Richard & Pashardes, Panos & Weber, Guglielmo, 1993. "What Do We Learn About Consumer Demand Patterns from Micro Data?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 83(3), pages 570-97, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. Eicher, T-S & Kalaitzidakis, P, 1997. "The Human Capital Dimension to Foreign Direct Investment : Training, Adverse Selection and Firm Location," Discussion Papers in Economics at the University of Washington 97-03, Department of Economics at the University of Washington.
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  20. Zacharias, Eleftherios & Williams, Steven R., 2001. "Ex Post Efficiency in the Buyer's Bid Double Auction When Demand Can Be Arbitrarily Larger Than Supply," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 175-190, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  22. Panos Hatzipanayotou & Michael S. Michael, 1997. "Real Exchange Rate Effects of Fiscal Expansion under Trade Restrictions," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 30(1), pages 42-56, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  23. Mamuneas, Theofanis P., 1999. "Spillovers from publicly financed R&D capital in high-tech industries," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 215-239, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  24. Panos Hatzipanayotou & Michael S. Michael, 2001. "Public Goods, Tax Policies, and Unemployment in LDCs," Southern Economic Journal, Southern Economic Association, vol. 68(1), pages 107-119, July.
  25. Luigi Guiso & Michael Haliassos & Tullio Jappelli, 2000. "Household Portfolios: An International Comparison," CSEF Working Papers 48, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy. [Downloadable!]
  26. Lyssiotou, Panayiota & Pashardes, Panos & Stengos, Thanasis, 1999. "Preference Heterogeneity and the Rank of Demand Systems," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 17(2), pages 248-52, April.
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  28. Haliassos, Michael & Bertaut, Carol C, 1995. "Why Do So Few Hold Stocks?," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 105(432), pages 1110-29, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  29. Sofronis Clerides & Saul Lach & James Tybout, 1996. "Is "Learning-by-Exporting" Important? Micro-Dynamic Evidence from Colombia, Mexico and Morocco," NBER Working Papers 5715, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  30. Haliassos, Michael & Hassapis, Christis, 2001. "Non-expected Utility, Saving and Portfolios," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 111(468), pages 69-102, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  31. Demetriades, Panicos O & Mamuneas, Theofanis P, 2000. "Intertemporal Output and Employment Effects of Public Infrastructure Capital: Evidence from 12 OECD Economics," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 110(465), pages 687-712, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  32. Elena Andreou & Eric Ghysels, 2000. "Rolling-Sample Volatility Estimators: Some New Theoretical, Simulation and Empirical Results," CIRANO Working Papers 2000s-19, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
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  33. Sydney C. Ludvigson & Alexander Michaelides, 2001. "Does Buffer-Stock Saving Explain the Smoothness and Excess Sensitivity of Consumption?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(3), pages 631-647, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  34. Bertaut, Carol C. & Haliassos, Michael, 1997. "Precautionary portfolio behavior from a life-cycle perspective," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 21(8-9), pages 1511-1542, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  35. Alexander Michaelides & Serena Ng, 1997. "Estimating the Rational Expectations Model of Speculative Storage: A Monte Carlo Comparison of Three Simulation Estimators," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 373, Boston College Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  36. Lyssiotou, Panayiota & Pashardes, Panos & Stengos, Thanasis, 1999. "Testing the rank of Engel curves with endogenous expenditure," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 64(1), pages 61-65, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  37. Hassapis, Christis & Kalyvitis, Sarantis & Pittis, Nikitas, 1999. "Cointegration and joint efficiency of international commodity markets," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 213-231. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  38. Michael, Michael S. & Hatzipanayotou, Panos, 2001. "Welfare effects of migration in societies with indirect taxes, income transfers and public good provision," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(1), pages 1-24, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  39. Spiros Bougheas & Panicos O. Demetriades & Theofanis P. Mamuneas, 2000. "Infrastructure, specialization, and economic growth," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 33(2), pages 506-522, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Yannis Bilias & Michael Haliassos, 2004. "The Distribution of Gains from Access to Stocks," CSEF Working Papers 125, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy. [Downloadable!]
  2. Luc Arrondel & Hector Calvo-Pardo, 2002. "Portfolio Choice with a Correlated Background Risk : Theory and Evidence," DELTA Working Papers 2002-16, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure). [Downloadable!]
  3. Johannes Binswanger, 2005. "Risk Management of Pension Systems from the Perspective of Loss Aversion," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
  4. Luc Arrondel & André Masson, 2002. "Stockholding in France," DELTA Working Papers 2002-09, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure). [Downloadable!]
  5. John V. Duca, 2005. "Mutual funds and the evolving long-run effects of stock wealth on U.S. consumption," Working Papers 05-11, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. [Downloadable!]
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