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¿El origen socioeconómico y la raza pagan? Un estudio interdisciplinario sobre la discriminación racial y socioeconómica en el ámbito empresarial limeño”. El caso de los egresados de la Universidad del Pacífico

Author

Listed:
  • Liuba Kogan Cogan

    (Universidad del Pacífico)

  • Joanna Kámiche Zegarra

    (Universidad del Pacífico)

  • Patricia Lay Ferrato

    (Universidad del Pacífico)

Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio interdisciplinario fue explorar cuánto influye la raza y/o el nivel socioeconómico en la historia profesional de egresados universitarios; en particular, de qué manera afectan las posibilidades de acceso a puestos gerenciales de alto rango en el mercado laboral limeño. Para ello, se tomó como caso de estudio a los egresados de la Universidad del Pacífico. La metodología cuantitativa se administró a una muestra de 381 profesionales de un total de 1058 que dejaron las aulas entre 1990 y 1995; y como parte de la metodología cualitativa se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad a 22 profesionales de ambos sexos. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que ser hombre, de raza blanca, haber pagado la pensión más alta en la Universidad —lo que implica un nivel socioeconómico alto—, y trabajar en una microempresa, aumentan la probabilidad de tener un alto cargo gerencial en la empresa, considerando un nivel de significancia de 1%. En particular, cuando se analiza cómo estas variables afectan la probabilidad de acceder a dicho cargo, se observa que el aporte de cada una de ellas es importante: 8.7%, 8.1%, 12.2% y 11.2%, respectivamente. Estos resultados corroboran la información recopilada en las entrevistas en profundidad. 3 Por otra parte, cuando se analiza el efecto de los apellidos en la línea de carrera, los resultados son poco claros: solo en el caso del análisis de los efectos marginales se observa que poseer un apellido andino disminuye en 7.4% la probabilidad de tener un cargo máximo en la empresa. Se podría argumentar que la clasificación utilizada no representa una categorización suficientemente fina, o que los apellidos como indicadores de posición social han ido perdiendo la importancia que tenían en el pasado. La información brindada por los egresados en las entrevistas reafirma la idea de que el apellido resulta un asunto relativo: puede ser una valla o una ventaja, pero nada determinante en la línea de carrera profesional. Los resultados académicos, medidos a través del promedio de calificación o la pertenencia al tercio superior dentro de los estudios de pregrado no tienen ningún efecto en la probabilidad de alcanzar un cargo máximo en una empresa.

Suggested Citation

  • Liuba Kogan Cogan & Joanna Kámiche Zegarra & Patricia Lay Ferrato, 2011. "¿El origen socioeconómico y la raza pagan? Un estudio interdisciplinario sobre la discriminación racial y socioeconómica en el ámbito empresarial limeño”. El caso de los egresados de la Universidad de," Working Papers 11-17, Centro de Investigación, Universidad del Pacífico.
  • Handle: RePEc:pai:wpaper:11-17
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