IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/isu/genstf/202001010800001782.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Churning in Rural and Urban Retail Markets

Author

Listed:
  • Artz, Georgeanne M.
  • Eathington, Liesl
  • Francois, Jasmine
  • Masinde, Melvin
  • Orazem, Peter F.

Abstract

Using data on the universe of taxable retail sales, retail firm start-ups, and retail firm exits in Iowa from 1992 through 2011, we test whether patterns of retail firm entry and exit are consistent with churning. Consistent with churning, the same factors that increase retail sales in a local market also increase new retail firm entry and either increase or do not affect retail firm exit. Evidence suggests that there is more churning in urban than in rural markets. Similar evidence is found using a sample of national firm entry and exit into local markets. If churning increases productivity growth, then the greater churning rate in urban markets is another source of agglomeration advantages in thick markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Artz, Georgeanne M. & Eathington, Liesl & Francois, Jasmine & Masinde, Melvin & Orazem, Peter F., 2020. "Churning in Rural and Urban Retail Markets," ISU General Staff Papers 202001010800001782, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:isu:genstf:202001010800001782
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/405d7d4e-1753-466c-8bdb-b7380ef13ff4/content
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Georgeanne M. Artz & Younjun Kim & Peter F. Orazem, 2016. "Does Agglomeration Matter Everywhere?: New Firm Location Decisions In Rural And Urban Markets," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(1), pages 72-95, January.
    2. Paulo Guimarães & Octávio Figueirdo & Douglas Woodward, 2003. "A Tractable Approach to the Firm Location Decision Problem," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 85(1), pages 201-204, February.
    3. Bleakley, Hoyt & Lin, Jeffrey, 2012. "Thick-market effects and churning in the labor market: Evidence from US cities," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 87-103.
    4. Feldman, Maryann P. & Audretsch, David B., 1999. "Innovation in cities:: Science-based diversity, specialization and localized competition," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 409-429, February.
    5. Lucia Foster & John Haltiwanger & Shawn Klimek & CJ Krizan & Scott Ohlmacher, 2015. "The Evolution of National Retail Chains: How We Got Here," Working Papers 15-10, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    6. Jesse M. Shapiro, 2006. "Smart Cities: Quality of Life, Productivity, and the Growth Effects of Human Capital," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 88(2), pages 324-335, May.
    7. Michael Porter, 2003. "The Economic Performance of Regions," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(6-7), pages 549-578.
    8. Steven J. Davis & John C. Haltiwanger & Scott Schuh, 1998. "Job Creation and Destruction," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262540932, December.
    9. Edward P. Lazear & Kristin McCue, 2016. "Hires and Separations in Equilibrium," Working Papers 16-57, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    10. Jofre-Monseny, Jordi & Marín-López, Raquel & Viladecans-Marsal, Elisabet, 2011. "The mechanisms of agglomeration: Evidence from the effect of inter-industry relations on the location of new firms," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(2-3), pages 61-74, September.
    11. DeTienne, Dawn R., 2010. "Entrepreneurial exit as a critical component of the entrepreneurial process: Theoretical development," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 203-215, March.
    12. Edward P. Lazear, 1990. "Job Security Provisions and Employment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 105(3), pages 699-726.
    13. Edward L. Glaeser & Joshua D. Gottlieb, 2009. "The Wealth of Cities: Agglomeration Economies and Spatial Equilibrium in the United States," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 47(4), pages 983-1028, December.
    14. Mark Doms & Eric J. Bartelsman, 2000. "Understanding Productivity: Lessons from Longitudinal Microdata," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 38(3), pages 569-594, September.
    15. Robert H. Topel & Michael P. Ward, 1992. "Job Mobility and the Careers of Young Men," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(2), pages 439-479.
    16. Ward, William A. & Hite, James C., 1999. "Asset Fixity, Asset Specificity And Regional Economic Change: Hypothesis And Implications," Working Papers 18807, Clemson University, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    17. John F. Yanagida & Bruce B. Johnson & Joel Young & Michael Lundeen, 1991. "An Analysis Of Economic And Noneconomic Factors Affecting Retail Sales Leakages," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, vol. 21(1), pages 53-64, Spring.
    18. Lucia Foster & Cheryl Grim & John Haltiwanger, 2016. "Reallocation in the Great Recession: Cleansing or Not?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(S1), pages 293-331.
    19. Ryan Decker & John Haltiwanger & Ron Jarmin & Javier Miranda, 2014. "The Role of Entrepreneurship in US Job Creation and Economic Dynamism," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 28(3), pages 3-24, Summer.
    20. James Hite, 1997. "The Thunen Model and the New Economic Geography as a Paradigm for Rural Development Policy," Review of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 19(2), pages 230-240.
    21. Magnus Henrekson, 2020. "How labor market institutions affect job creation and productivity growth," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 1-38, January.
    22. Jean-Pierre Huiban, 2011. "The spatial demography of new plants: urban creation and rural survival," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 37(1), pages 73-86, July.
    23. Artz, Georgeanne M. & Yu, Li, 2009. "How Ya Gonna Keep ‘Em Down on the Farm: Which Land Grant Graduates Live in Rural Areas?," Staff General Research Papers Archive 13094, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    24. Glenn Ellison & Edward L. Glaeser & William R. Kerr, 2010. "What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(3), pages 1195-1213, June.
    25. George Hammond & Eric Thompson, 2001. "The Long-Term Development of Local Retail and Services Sectors in Rural Southern Counties," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, vol. 31(1), pages 51-70, Summer.
    26. Shields, Martin & Deller, Steven C., 1998. "Commuting's Effect on Local Retail Market Performance," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, vol. 28(2), pages 71-90, Fall.
    27. Dawn Thilmany & Nicole McKenney & David Mushinski & Stephan Weiler, 2005. "Beggar-thy-neighbor economic development: A note on the effect of geographic interdependencies in rural retail markets," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 39(3), pages 593-605, September.
    28. Alon, Titan & Berger, David & Dent, Robert & Pugsley, Benjamin, 2018. "Older and slower: The startup deficit’s lasting effects on aggregate productivity growth," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 68-85.
    29. Clark Edwards, 1959. "Resource Fixity and Farm Organization," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 41(4), pages 747-759.
    30. John J. Gruidl & Dimitri Andrianacos, 1994. "Determinants Of Rural Retail Trade: A Case Study Of Illinois," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, vol. 24(1), pages 103-118, Summer.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tessa Conroy & Steven Deller, 2023. "I will survive…but at what (opportunity) cost?: A spatial analysis of business survival and Jacobian externalities," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(2), pages 550-571, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Artz, Georgeanne M. & Eathington, Liesl & Francois, Jasmine & Masinde, Melvin & Orazem, Peter F., 2017. "Sorting into and out of Rural and Urban Retail Markets," ISU General Staff Papers 201709140700001034, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    2. Georgeanne M. Artz & Zizhen Guo & Peter F. Orazem, 2016. "Location, Location, Location: Place-Specific Human Capital, Rural Firm Entry and Firm Survival," Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) Publications apr-winter-2016-1, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University.
    3. Artz, Georgeanne M. & Guo, Zizhen & Orazem, Peter F., 2017. "Entrepreneurial Skills in Thick and Thin Markets," ISU General Staff Papers 201707070700001025, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    4. Georgeanne M. Artz & Younjun Kim & Peter F. Orazem, 2016. "Does Agglomeration Matter Everywhere?: New Firm Location Decisions In Rural And Urban Markets," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(1), pages 72-95, January.
    5. Chen, Yulong & Ma, Liyuan & Orazem, Peter F., 2023. "The heterogeneous role of broadband access on establishment entry and exit by sector and urban and rural markets," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(3).
    6. Stefan Leknes, 2017. "Churning in thick labor markets. Evidence of heterogeneous responses along the skill and experience gradients," Discussion Papers 866, Statistics Norway, Research Department.
    7. Kim, Jungho & Kollmann, Trevor & Palangkaraya, Alfons & Webster, Elizabeth, 2022. "Does local technological specialisation, diversity and dynamic competition enhance firm creation?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(7).
    8. Gabriel, Stuart A. & Rosenthal, Stuart S., 2013. "Urbanization, agglomeration economies, and access to mortgage credit," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 42-50.
    9. Mark J. Kutzbach, 2010. "Access to Workers or Employers? An Intra-Urban Analysis of Plant Location Decisions," Working Papers 10-21r, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau, revised Sep 2012.
    10. Jordi Jofre-Monseny & Raquel Marín-López & Elisabet Viladecans-Marsal, 2014. "The Determinants Of Localization And Urbanization Economies: Evidence From The Location Of New Firms In Spain," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(2), pages 313-337, March.
    11. Carlino, Gerald & Kerr, William R., 2015. "Agglomeration and Innovation," Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, in: Gilles Duranton & J. V. Henderson & William C. Strange (ed.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, edition 1, volume 5, chapter 0, pages 349-404, Elsevier.
    12. Jordi Jofre-Monseny & Raquel Marín-López & Elisabet Viladecans-Marsal, 2012. "What underlies localization and urbanization economies? Evidence from the location of new firms," Working Papers 2012/9, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
    13. Guangliang Yang & Lixing Li & Shihe Fu, 2020. "Do rural migrants benefit from labor market agglomeration economies? Evidence from Chinese cities," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(3), pages 910-931, September.
    14. Andini, Monica & de Blasio, Guido & Duranton, Gilles & Strange, William C., 2013. "Marshallian labour market pooling: Evidence from Italy," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(6), pages 1008-1022.
    15. Shihe Fu & Stephen L. Ross, 2013. "Wage Premia in Employment Clusters: How Important Is Worker Heterogeneity?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 31(2), pages 271-304.
    16. Valerien O. Pede & Raymond J. G. M. Florax & Henri L. F. de Groot & Gustavo Barboza, 2021. "Technological leadership and sectorial employment growth: A spatial econometric analysis for U.S. counties," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 50(1), February.
    17. Jofre-Monseny, Jordi & Marín-López, Raquel & Viladecans-Marsal, Elisabet, 2011. "The mechanisms of agglomeration: Evidence from the effect of inter-industry relations on the location of new firms," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 61-74.
    18. Daan Freeman & Leon Bettendorf & Harro van Heuvelen & Gerdien Meijerink, 2021. "The contribution of business dynamics to productivity growth in the Netherlands," CPB Discussion Paper 427, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    19. Delgado, Mercedes & Porter, Michael E. & Stern, Scott, 2014. "Clusters, convergence, and economic performance," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(10), pages 1785-1799.
    20. Edward L. Glaeser & William R. Kerr, 2009. "Local Industrial Conditions and Entrepreneurship: How Much of the Spatial Distribution Can We Explain?," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(3), pages 623-663, September.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:isu:genstf:202001010800001782. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Curtis Balmer (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/deiasus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.