IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/imf/imfwpa/2016-148.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Climate Mitigation in China: Which Policies Are Most Effective?

Author

Listed:
  • Ian W.H. Parry
  • Baoping Shang
  • Mr. Philippe Wingender
  • Nate Vernon
  • Tarun Narasimhan

Abstract

For the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, China pledged to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity of GDP by 60–65 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. This paper develops a practical spreadsheet tool for evaluating a wide range of national level fiscal and regulatory policy options for reducing CO2 emissions in China in terms of their impacts on emissions, revenue, premature deaths from local air pollution, household and industry groups, and overall economic welfare. By far, carbon and coal taxes are the most effective policies for meeting environmental and fiscal objectives as they comprehensively cover emissions and have the largest tax base.

Suggested Citation

  • Ian W.H. Parry & Baoping Shang & Mr. Philippe Wingender & Nate Vernon & Tarun Narasimhan, 2016. "Climate Mitigation in China: Which Policies Are Most Effective?," IMF Working Papers 2016/148, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2016/148
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=44120
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Johannes Truby and Moritz Paulus, 2012. "Market Structure Scenarios in International Steam Coal Trade," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 3).
    2. Sterner, Thomas, 2007. "Fuel taxes: An important instrument for climate policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 3194-3202, June.
    3. Parry, Ian W. H., 2004. "Are emissions permits regressive?," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 364-387, March.
    4. World Bank & the People’s Republic of China Development Research Center of the State Council, 2013. "China 2030 : Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative Society," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 12925, December.
    5. Zhang, Chunni & Xu, Qi & Zhou, Xiang & Zhang, Xiaobo & Xie, Yu, 2014. "Are poverty rates underestimated in China? New evidence from four recent surveys," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 410-425.
    6. Kenneth Gillingham & David Rapson & Gernot Wagner, 2016. "The Rebound Effect and Energy Efficiency Policy," Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 10(1), pages 68-88.
    7. Arze del Granado, Francisco Javier & Coady, David & Gillingham, Robert, 2012. "The Unequal Benefits of Fuel Subsidies: A Review of Evidence for Developing Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(11), pages 2234-2248.
    8. Hunt Allcott & Nathan Wozny, 2014. "Gasoline Prices, Fuel Economy, and the Energy Paradox," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 96(5), pages 779-795, December.
    9. Bernard, Alain L. & Fischer, Carolyn & Fox, Alan K., 2007. "Is there a rationale for output-based rebating of environmental levies?," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 83-101, May.
    10. Paul, Anthony & Myers, Erica & Palmer, Karen, 2009. "A Partial Adjustment Model of U.S. Electricity Demand by Region, Season, and Sector," RFF Working Paper Series dp-08-50, Resources for the Future.
    11. Anna, Petrenko, 2016. "Мaркування готової продукції як складова частина інформаційного забезпечення маркетингової діяльності підприємств овочепродуктового підкомплексу," Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, vol. 2(1), March.
    12. World Bank, 2016. "World Development Indicators 2016," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 23969, December.
    13. Burke, Paul J. & Liao, Hua, 2015. "Is the price elasticity of demand for coal in China increasing?," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 309-322.
    14. Michael Grubb & Fu Sha & Thomas Spencer & Nick Hughes & Zhongxiang Zhang & Paolo Agnolucci, 2015. "A review of Chinese CO 2 emission projections to 2030: the role of economic structure and policy," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(sup1), pages 7-39, December.
    15. Mr. Waikei R Lam & Mr. Philippe Wingender, 2015. "China: How Can Revenue Reforms Contribute to Inclusive and Sustainable Growth?," IMF Working Papers 2015/066, International Monetary Fund.
    16. Helfand, Gloria & Wolverton, Ann, 2011. "Evaluating the Consumer Response to Fuel Economy: A Review of the Literature," International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, now publishers, vol. 5(2), pages 103-146, May.
    17. International Monetary Fund, 2015. "Ireland: Staff Report for the 2015 Article IV Consultation," IMF Staff Country Reports 2015/077, International Monetary Fund.
    18. International Monetary Fund, 2015. "Republic of Korea: Staff Report for the 2015 Article IV Consultation," IMF Staff Country Reports 2015/130, International Monetary Fund.
    19. Dahl, Carol A., 2012. "Measuring global gasoline and diesel price and income elasticities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 2-13.
    20. Mischke, Peggy & Karlsson, Kenneth B., 2014. "Modelling tools to evaluate China's future energy system – A review of the Chinese perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 132-143.
    21. International Monetary Fund, 2015. "Czech Republic: Staff Report for the 2015 Article IV Consultation," IMF Staff Country Reports 2015/198, International Monetary Fund.
    22. Mai Farid & Michael Keen & Michael G. Papaioannou & Ian W.H. Parry & Catherine A Pattillo & Anna Ter-Martirosyan, 2016. "After Paris; Fiscal, Macroeconomic and Financial Implications of Global Climate Change," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 16/01, International Monetary Fund.
    23. World Bank, 2013. "World Development Indicators 2013," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13191, December.
    24. Jamil, Faisal & Ahmad, Eatzaz, 2011. "Income and price elasticities of electricity demand: Aggregate and sector-wise analyses," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 5519-5527, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Huntington, Hillard G. & Barrios, James J. & Arora, Vipin, 2019. "Review of key international demand elasticities for major industrializing economies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    2. Ian Parry & Victor Mylonas, 2018. "Canada's Carbon Price Floor," CESifo Working Paper Series 6959, CESifo.
    3. Goulder, Lawrence H. & Long, Xianling & Lu, Jieyi & Morgenstern, Richard D., 2022. "China's unconventional nationwide CO2 emissions trading system: Cost-effectiveness and distributional impacts," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    4. Ameyaw, Bismark & Yao, Li & Oppong, Amos & Agyeman, Joy Korang, 2019. "Investigating, forecasting and proposing emission mitigation pathways for CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion only: A case study of selected countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 7-21.
    5. International Monetary Fund, 2016. "The People's Republic of China: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2016/271, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Stern, Nicholas & Xie, Chunping, 2023. "China’s new growth story: linking the 14th Five-Year Plan with the 2060 carbon neutrality pledge," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115068, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    7. Ian Parry & Victor Mylonas & Nate Vernon, 2021. "Mitigation Policies for the Paris Agreement: An Assessment for G20 Countries," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 8(4), pages 797-823.
    8. Parry, Ian, 2020. "Increasing carbon pricing in the EU: Evaluating the options," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    9. Liu, Weifeng & McKibbin, Warwick J. & Morris, Adele C. & Wilcoxen, Peter J., 2020. "Global economic and environmental outcomes of the Paris Agreement," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    10. Ms. Longmei Zhang, 2016. "Rebalancing in China—Progress and Prospects," IMF Working Papers 2016/183, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Goulder, Lawrence H. & Long, Xianling & Lu, Jieyi & Morgenstern, Richard D., 2020. "China’s Unconventional Nationwide CO₂ Emissions Trading System: The Wide-Ranging Impacts of an Implicit Output Subsidy," RFF Working Paper Series 20-02, Resources for the Future.
    12. Leonidas Paroussos & Kostas Fragkiadakis & Panagiotis Fragkos, 2020. "Macro-economic analysis of green growth policies: the role of finance and technical progress in Italian green growth," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 160(4), pages 591-608, June.
    13. Govinda R. Timilsina & Jing Cao & Mun Ho, 2018. "Carbon Tax For Achieving China’S Ndc: Simulations Of Some Design Features Using A Cge Model," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 9(03), pages 1-17, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ian Parry & Baoping Shang & Nate Vernon & Philippe Wingender & Tarun Narasimhan, 2020. "Evaluating policies to implement the Paris Agreement: a toolkit with application to China," Chapters, in: Graciela Chichilnisky & Armon Rezai (ed.), Handbook on the Economics of Climate Change, chapter 2, pages 32-67, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Ian Parry & Victor Mylonas & Nate Vernon, 2021. "Mitigation Policies for the Paris Agreement: An Assessment for G20 Countries," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 8(4), pages 797-823.
    3. Parry, Ian, 2020. "Increasing carbon pricing in the EU: Evaluating the options," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    4. Wagner, Prof. Dr. Helmut, 2016. "The Building Up of New Imbalances in China: The Dilemma with ‘Rebalancing’," MPRA Paper 71494, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Lucas W. Davis, 2017. "The Environmental Cost of Global Fuel Subsidies," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(KAPSARC S).
    6. Parry, Ian, 2015. "Designing Fiscal Policy to Address the External Costs of Energy," International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, now publishers, vol. 8(1), pages 1-56, May.
    7. Wagner, Helmut, 2016. "The building up of new imbalances in China: The dilemma with 'rebalancing'," CEAMeS Discussion Paper Series 3/2016, University of Hagen, Center for East Asia Macro-economic Studies (CEAMeS).
    8. Gatien Bon & Gong Cheng, 2021. "Understanding China's role in recent debt relief operations: A case study analysis," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 166, pages 23-41.
    9. International Monetary Fund, 2016. "Thailand: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2016/140, International Monetary Fund.
    10. Kose,Ayhan & Ohnsorge,Franziska Lieselotte & Ye,Lei Sandy & Islamaj,Ergys, 2017. "Weakness in investment growth : causes, implications and policy responses," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7990, The World Bank.
    11. Arzaghi, Mohammad & Squalli, Jay, 2015. "How price inelastic is demand for gasoline in fuel-subsidizing economies?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 117-124.
    12. Julien Xavier Daubanes & Fanny Henriet & Katheline Schubert, 2017. "More Gas, Less Coal, and Less CO2? Unilateral CO2 Reduction Policy with More than One Carbon Energy Source," IFRO Working Paper 2017/09, University of Copenhagen, Department of Food and Resource Economics.
    13. Katerina Arnostova & Oxana Babecka Kucharcukova & Jan Babecky & Vojtech Belling & Sona Benecka & Jan Bruha & Martin Gurtler & Tomas Holub & Eva Hromadkova & Lubos Komarek & Zlatuse Komarkova & Petr Kr, 2016. "Analyses of the Czech Republic's Current Economic Alignment with the Euro Area 2016," Occasional Publications - Edited Volumes, Czech National Bank, number as16 edited by Katerina Arnostova & Lucie Matejkova, January.
    14. Gatien Bon & Gong Cheng, 2020. "China’s overseas Sovereign debt relief actions: What insights do recent cases provide?," EconomiX Working Papers 2020-22, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    15. Ana Martinis & Igor Ljubaj, 2017. "Corporate Debt Overhang in Croatia: Micro Assessment and Macro Implications," Working Papers 51, The Croatian National Bank, Croatia.
    16. Arik Levinson & Lutz Sager, 2023. "Who Values Future Energy Savings? Evidence from American Drivers," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 10(3), pages 717-751.
    17. Julien Xavier Daubanes & Fanny Henriet & Katheline Schubert, 2021. "Unilateral CO2 Reduction Policy with More Than One Carbon Energy Source," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 8(3), pages 543-575.
    18. Jeffrey A. Frankel, 2016. "International Coordination," NBER Working Papers 21878, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Tomas Adam & Oxana Babecka Kucharcukova & Jan Babecky & Vojtech Belling & Sona Benecka & Jan Bruha & Kamil Galuscak & Tomas Holub & Eva Hromadkova & Lubos Komarek & Zlatuse Komarkova & Kamila Kulhava , 2015. "Analyses of the Czech Republic's Current Economic Alignment with the Euro Area 2015," Occasional Publications - Edited Volumes, Czech National Bank, number as15 edited by Kamila Kulhava & Lucie Matejkova, January.
    20. Wang, Banban & Wei, Jie & Tan, Xiujie & Su, Bin, 2021. "The sectorally heterogeneous and time-varying price elasticities of energy demand in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2016/148. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Akshay Modi (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/imfffus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.