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L'impact du mode d'enquête sur la mesure des comportements de mobilité

Author

Listed:
  • Caroline Bayart

    (SAF - Laboratoire de Sciences Actuarielle et Financière - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon)

  • Patrick Bonnel

    (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Les enquêtes de mobilité sont indispensables, tant à la compréhension, à l'analyse et à la modélisation des comportements de déplacement, que pour contribuer à définir et à évaluer les politiques de transport mises en œuvre. Pourtant, les taux de réponse aux Enquêtes Ménages Déplacements (EMD) décroissent au fil du temps. Ces dernières années, les méthodes utilisées pour recueillir les données de mobilité ont évolué, afin d'une part de nourrir des modèles de plus en plus complexes et d'autre part d'intégrer les apports des nouvelles technologies dans les protocoles d'enquête (web, GPS, etc.). En particulier, la combinaison de différents médias s'impose comme un moyen d'améliorer la qualité des données produites à moindre coût, en permettant une augmentation du taux de réponse global. Si le fait de proposer des médias différents permet d'augmenter le taux de réponse global, la comparabilité des données reste un exercice difficile. Les caractéristiques socioéconomiques des répondants varient selon le mode d'enquête, et ces différences peuvent être à l'origine de comportements spécifiques. Nous montrons dans cet article qu'il est possible de distinguer l'effet dû au mode d'enquête de celui lié aux différences socioéconomiques observées entre les échantillons de répondants, et de quantifier l'impact du mode d'enquête sur la mesure de la mobilité déclarée. Le modèle économétrique envisagé pour cette analyse est emprunté au domaine des variables qualitatives. Plus précisément, il s'agit d'un modèle de sélection de l'échantillon, dont nous estimons les paramètres à l'aide de la procédure en deux étapes, élaborée par Heckman à la fin des années 1970. Les résultats de l'EMD menée à Lyon en 2006 en face à face et par internet illustrent nos propos. L'objectif est de quantifier, pour chaque répondant, l'impact du mode d'enquête sur la mesure du comportement de mobilité.

Suggested Citation

  • Caroline Bayart & Patrick Bonnel, 2010. "L'impact du mode d'enquête sur la mesure des comportements de mobilité," Post-Print halshs-01053167, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01053167
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01053167
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    References listed on IDEAS

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