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Acceso a servicios de salud y mortalidad infantil en el Perú

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  • Ana Dammert

Abstract

En esta investigación se analizan los determinantes de la mortalidad infantil enfatizando su relación con el acceso a servicios de salud, medido a través de la atención del parto por profesionales de salud. En este contexto, se emplea como marco de referencia una aproximación microeconómica a partir de la función de producción de los hogares, donde la salud es vista como un stock de capital durable y el acceso a los servicios de salud como uno de los muchos insumos que participan en su producción (Grossman, 1999). La metodología utilizada se basa en un mecanismo en dos etapas: en la primera se estiman los determinantes del acceso al servicio de salud mediante un modelo probit y una vez predichas las probabilidades de atención se las incluye en la ecuación de mortalidad infantil. En la segunda etapa se analizan los determinantes de la mortalidad infantil a través de un análisis no paramétrico (Kaplan-Meier) y paramétrico (Modelo de Riesgos Proporcionales de tipo Cox) que, a diferencia de los modelos probabilísticos convencionales, permite estimar la tasa de riesgo o probabilidad no condicional de morir. Para estimar adecuadamente el efecto del acceso a servicios de salud sobre mortalidad infantil se controló el efecto de endogeneidad usando el valor predicho de la atención en el parto con profesional de salud en la ecuación de mortalidad infantil. En este sentido, la ecuación de mortalidad infantil se encuentra en función de variables del hogar, de la madre, del niño y el acceso a servicios de salud. A su vez, el acceso a servicios de salud, medido a través de la atención médica en el parto, fue estimado usando, además de variables individuales y del hogar, variables como acceso a seguro médico e infraestructura en salud a nivel distrital. El presente documento esta organizado de la siguiente manera: en el capítulo I se describe el marco teórico y se reseñan diversos estudios que abordan la relación entre mortalidad infantil y las variables de riesgo para el Perú y otros países. El capítulo II brinda un panorama de la situación actual del Perú en términos del comportamiento de la mortalidad infantil. En el capítulo III se describe la metodología y la base de datos a utilizar. Finalmente, los capítulos IV y V presentan los principales resultados y conclusiones derivadas del estudio.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Dammert, 2003. "Acceso a servicios de salud y mortalidad infantil en el Perú," Investigaciones Breves (CIES-GRADE) ciesib18, Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE);Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social (CIES).
  • Handle: RePEc:gad:ciesib:ciesib18
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