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Integración Vertical en el Sector Eléctrico: Una guía para el usuario (Vertical integration in the electricity sector)

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  • Alexander Galetovic

Abstract

Este trabajo evalúa los pro y contra de la integración vertical en el sector eléctrico. Las principales conclusiones son las siguientes: (i) si bien la integración vertical no es mala per se, la mayoría de sus ventajas surgen cuando existen monopolios separados de transmisión y distribución y cada uno explota su poder de mercado individualmente. Cuando los precios que pueden cobrar estos monopolios se regulan adecuadamente, desaparecen la mayoría de los argumentos en su favor. (ii) Cuando los cargos de acceso a las etapas monopólicas de transmisión y distribución se regulan correctamente, aumenta el atractivo de integrarse verticalmente para extender el poder de mercado hacia la generación y la comercialización. (iii) Una empresa verticalmente integrada de cierto tamaño discriminará a sus competidores y tratará de impedir la entrada de nuevas empresas. La discriminación aumentará los costos de las empresas generadoras no integradas y el precio que pagan los usuarios, aun si existen economías de ámbito importantes. (iv) El incentivo a discriminar crece con la participación de mercado de la generadora verticalmente integrada y con la intensidad de las economías de ámbito. (v) Es muy improbable que las economías de ámbito se trasladen a menores precios finales. De lo anterior se desprende el siguiente trade off regulatorio es el siguiente: con la separación vertical de la transmisión y la distribución de la generación y la comercialización se pierden economías de ámbito, principalmente aquellas debidas a la coordinación de inversiones de trasmisión y generación; se ganan un mercados de generación y comercialización más competitivos con menores barreras a la entrada, menores precios finales de la electricidad, y monopolios de transmisión y distribución más fáciles de regular.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander Galetovic, 2003. "Integración Vertical en el Sector Eléctrico: Una guía para el usuario (Vertical integration in the electricity sector)," Documentos de Trabajo 158, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.
  • Handle: RePEc:edj:ceauch:158
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alexander Galetovic & Juan Ricardo Inostroza & Cristián Marcelo Muñoz, 2004. "Gas y Electricidad: ¿qué hacer ahora? (Gas and electricity: What should we do now?)," Documentos de Trabajo 198, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.

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