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Sources of Income Persistence: Evidence from Rural El Salvador

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Author Info
Walter Sosa-Escudero () (Universidad de San Andrés)
Mariana Marchionni () (Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales (CEDLAS) - Universidad Nacional de La Plata)
Omar Arias () (Poverty and Gender Group of the Latin American and Caribbean Department of the World Bank)

Additional information is available for the following registered author(s):

Abstract

This paper uses a unique panel dataset (1995-2001) of rural El Salvador to investigate the main sources of the persistence and variability of incomes. First we propose an econometric framework where a general dynamic panel model is validly reduced to a simple linear structure with a dynamic covariance structure, which augments considerably the number of degrees of freedom usually lost in the construction of instruments to estimate standard dynamic panel models. Then we investigate the extent to which families are continuously poor due to endowments (observed and unobserved) that yield low income potential or due to systematic income shocks that they are unable to smooth. We find that life-cycle incomes are largely explained by the relatively time-invariant productive characteristics of families and their members such as education, public goods and other assets. Observed income determinants account for about half of income persistence. Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity leaves little room for pure state dependence. Although of second order, high volatility and the inability to insure from shocks is a more important source of variation in incomes than in developed countries. Low income potential is the more likely source of poverty traps in Rural El Salvador. Many of the family endowments are manipulable by policy interventions, although many not in the short term.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata in its series Working Papers with number 0037.

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Length: 34 pages
Date of creation: Jun 2006
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Handle: RePEc:dls:wpaper:0037

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Related research
Keywords: Income mobility Poverty Traps Panel Data El Salvador

Find related papers by JEL classification:
I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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  4. Pritchett, Lant & Suryahadi, Asep & Sumarto, Sudarno, 2000. "Quantifying vulnerability to poverty - a proposed measure, applied to Indonesia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2437, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  5. Jimenez-Martin, Sergi, 1998. "On the testing of heterogeneity effects in dynamic unbalanced panel data models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 157-163, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. MaCurdy, Thomas E., 1982. "The use of time series processes to model the error structure of earnings in a longitudinal data analysis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 83-114, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    Other versions:
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  12. Lillard, Lee A & Willis, Robert J, 1978. "Dynamic Aspects of Earning Mobility," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(5), pages 985-1012, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Gottschalk, Peter & Moffitt, Robert A, 1994. "Welfare Dependence: Concepts, Measures, and Trends," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(2), pages 38-42, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  15. Horowitz, Joel L & Markatou, Marianthi, 1996. "Semiparametric Estimation of Regression Models for Panel Data," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 63(1), pages 145-68, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Ricardo Bebczuk & Francisco Haimovich, 2007. "MDGs and Microcredit: An Empirical Evaluation for Latin American Countries," Working Papers 0048, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. [Downloadable!]
  2. Sebastian Galiani & Federico, 2007. "Modeling Informality Formally: Households and Firms," Working Papers 0047, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. [Downloadable!]
  3. Paula Giovagnoli, 2007. "Failures in school progression," Working Papers 0050, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. [Downloadable!]
  4. Leopoldo Tornarolli & Adriana Conconi, 2007. "Informalidad y Movilidad Laboral: Un Análisis Empírico para Argentina," Working Papers 0059, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. [Downloadable!]
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